Jansen Caroline S, Jani Yash, Evans Sean, Zhuang Tony Z, Brown Jacqueline, Nazha Bassel, Master Viraj, Bilen Mehmet Asim
Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Biomark Insights. 2024 May 31;19:11772719241254179. doi: 10.1177/11772719241254179. eCollection 2024.
In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been approved for treatment of genitourinary malignancies and have revolutionized the treatment landscape of these tumors. However, despite the remarkable success of these therapies in some GU malignancies, many patients' tumors do not respond to these therapies, and others may experience significant side effects, such as immune-related adverse events (iRAEs). Accordingly, biomarkers and improved prognostic tools are critically needed to help predict which patients will respond to ICI, predict and mitigate risk of developing immune-related adverse events, and inform personalized choice of therapy for each patient. Ongoing clinical and preclinical studies continue to provide an increasingly robust understanding of the mechanisms of the response to immunotherapy, which continue to inform biomarker development and validation. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of biomarkers of the response to immunotherapy in GU tumors and their role in selection of therapy and disease monitoring.
在过去十年中，免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）已被批准用于治疗泌尿生殖系统恶性肿瘤，并彻底改变了这些肿瘤的治疗格局。然而，尽管这些疗法在某些泌尿生殖系统恶性肿瘤中取得了显著成功，但许多患者的肿瘤对这些疗法没有反应，而其他患者可能会出现严重的副作用，如免疫相关不良事件（iRAE）。因此，迫切需要生物标志物和改进的预后工具，以帮助预测哪些患者会对ICI产生反应，预测和减轻发生免疫相关不良事件的风险，并为每位患者的个性化治疗选择提供依据。正在进行的临床和临床前研究不断加深我们对免疫治疗反应机制的理解，这继续为生物标志物的开发和验证提供信息。在此，我们对泌尿生殖系统肿瘤免疫治疗反应的生物标志物及其在治疗选择和疾病监测中的作用进行全面综述。
