Tufail Muhammad, Hu Jia-Ju, Liang Jie, He Cai-Yun, Wan Wen-Dong, Huang Yu-Qi, Jiang Can-Hua, Wu Hong, Li Ning
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Central South University, Changsha, China.
iScience. 2024 May 15;27(6):109979. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109979. eCollection 2024 Jun 21.
This review explores the hallmarks of cancer resistance, including drug efflux mediated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, metabolic reprogramming characterized by the Warburg effect, and the dynamic interplay between cancer cells and mitochondria. The role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in treatment resistance and the regulatory influence of non-coding RNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are studied. The chapter emphasizes future directions, encompassing advancements in immunotherapy, strategies to counter adaptive resistance, integration of artificial intelligence for predictive modeling, and the identification of biomarkers for personalized treatment. The comprehensive exploration of these hallmarks provides a foundation for innovative therapeutic approaches, aiming to navigate the complex landscape of cancer resistance and enhance patient outcomes.
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