O'Donnell R, Mohan A, Purves R, Maani N, Angus C, Egan M, Fitzgerald N
Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK.
School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
Drugs (Abingdon Engl). 2023 May 4;31(3):338-347. doi: 10.1080/09687637.2023.2205991. eCollection 2024.
Interventions restricting temporal and spatial availability of alcohol are associated with reduced harm, but the pathways by which specific interventions have impact are poorly understood. We examined mechanisms of impact from the perspective of diverse licensing stakeholders.
Fifty-three in-depth interviews were conducted with licensing stakeholders (from public health teams [PHTs], police, local authority licensing teams and lawyers, and alcohol premises licensing committees) from 20 local government areas. Interviewees were recruited as part of the Exploring the impact of alcohol licensing in England and Scotland (ExILEnS) study. Data were analyzed thematically and preliminary themes/subthemes were discussed during online groups with a different sample of public health and licensing professionals ( = 10).
Most interviewees struggled to articulate how availability interventions might lead to changes in alcohol consumption or harms. Five overarching mechanisms were identified: access, visibility, premises and area-level norms, affordability, and management of the night-time economy, with specific pathways identified for certain subgroups/premises types. The mechanisms by which alcohol availability interventions may impact on alcohol consumption and harms are diverse, but were poorly understood.
These findings will inform licensing and availability policy and advocacy, highlighting the need for further scrutiny of the evidence underpinning identified mechanisms, and primary research to address knowledge gaps.
限制酒精在时间和空间上可得性的干预措施与危害降低相关，但具体干预措施产生影响的途径却鲜为人知。我们从不同的酒类许可利益相关者的角度研究了影响机制。
对来自20个地方政府辖区的酒类许可利益相关者（来自公共卫生团队[PHTs]、警察、地方当局酒类许可团队和律师以及酒类场所许可委员会）进行了53次深入访谈。受访者是作为“探索英格兰和苏格兰酒类许可的影响”（ExILEnS）研究的一部分招募的。对数据进行了主题分析，并在与不同样本的公共卫生和酒类许可专业人员（n = 10）进行的在线小组讨论中讨论了初步主题/子主题。
大多数受访者难以阐明可得性干预措施如何可能导致酒精消费或危害的变化。确定了五个总体机制：获取途径、可见性、场所和区域层面的规范、可承受性以及夜间经济管理，并为某些亚组/场所类型确定了具体途径。酒精可得性干预措施可能影响酒精消费和危害的机制多种多样，但人们对此了解甚少。
这些发现将为酒类许可和可得性政策及宣传提供参考，强调需要进一步审查支撑已确定机制的证据，并进行初步研究以填补知识空白。
