Department of Reproductive Health and Midwifery, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Biostatistics, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Prim Care. 2024 Jun 11;25(1):209. doi: 10.1186/s12875-024-02467-5.
Preconceptual care aiming to improve health is influenced by various factors including health literacy. Considering the importance and necessity of high quality preconceptual care, this study aimed to determine the relationship between health literacy and receiving components of preconceptual care prior to pregnancy.
This cross-sectional study included 693 participants with pregnancies of less than 14 weeks gestation referred to health centers and gynecologists in Shiraz city, Iran. Multi-stage sampling was done from May 2021 to February 2022 in 18 comprehensive urban health centers and 20 gynecology offices via proportional allocation method. The data collection tool comprised a questionnaire consisting of 3 parts: (1) individual and fertility characteristics, (2) information related to the components of preconceptual care and (3) health literacy for Iranian adults. This was completed by individual participants via the self-reporting method.
The majority of participants were between 30 and 34 years old. They also identified as women with a university education and were predominantly unemployed. The mean health literacy of participants was 76.81%. Health literacy obtained the highest mean score in the dimension of 'understanding' and the lowest mean score in the dimension of 'access'. The frequency of preconceptual counseling, folic acid supplement consumption, exercise, blood testing, dental visits, genetic counseling, Pap smear testing and rubella, diphtheria, and hepatitis vaccinations prior to pregnancy was 66.8%, 53.8%, 45.6%, 71.86%, 44.44%, 12%, 53.4%, 10.83%, respectively. Many (> 64%) received preconceptual care at specialist gynecology offices. Results demonstrated that health literacy had a statistically significant relationship with preconceptual care, folic acid consumption, exercise and dental care, (p < 0.001), along with blood testing and Pap smear testing (p < 0.05).
Overall, our results demonstrate that despite health literacy being optimal, uptakes of some components of preconceptual care are low. As such, it will be important to further raise awareness of the importance of preconceptual care for people prior to pregnancy as a priority in health promotion and education.
旨在改善健康的孕前保健受到多种因素的影响，包括健康素养。考虑到高质量孕前保健的重要性和必要性，本研究旨在确定健康素养与妊娠前接受孕前保健各个方面之间的关系。
本横断面研究纳入了 2021 年 5 月至 2022 年 2 月期间伊朗设拉子市 18 个综合城市健康中心和 20 个妇科办公室的 693 名妊娠 14 周以下的参与者。采用多阶段抽样法，按比例分配法进行。数据收集工具包括一个由 3 部分组成的问卷：（1）个人和生育特征；（2）与孕前保健各个方面相关的信息；（3）伊朗成年人的健康素养。通过自我报告法由个体参与者完成。
大多数参与者年龄在 30 至 34 岁之间。他们还认为自己是具有大学学历的女性，主要是失业者。参与者的平均健康素养得分为 76.81%。健康素养在“理解”维度上获得的平均分数最高，在“获取”维度上获得的平均分数最低。妊娠前接受孕前咨询、叶酸补充剂摄入、运动、血液检查、牙科就诊、遗传咨询、巴氏涂片检查和风疹、白喉和肝炎疫苗接种的频率分别为 66.8%、53.8%、45.6%、71.86%、44.44%、12%、53.4%、10.83%。大多数（>64%）人在妇科专科医生办公室接受了孕前保健。结果表明，健康素养与孕前保健、叶酸摄入、运动和牙科护理呈显著相关（p<0.001），与血液检查和巴氏涂片检查呈显著相关（p<0.05）。
总的来说，我们的结果表明，尽管健康素养是最佳的，但一些孕前保健方面的接受率仍然较低。因此，在健康促进和教育中，进一步提高人们对妊娠前孕前保健重要性的认识将是优先事项。
