Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
ImmunXperts SA| Rue August Piccard 48, Gosselies, Belgium.
Front Immunol. 2024 May 28;15:1406040. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1406040. eCollection 2024.
T-cell dependent antibody responses to biotherapeutics remain a challenge to the optimal clinical application of biotherapeutics because of their capacity to impair drug efficacy and their potential to cause safety issues. To minimize this clinical immunogenicity risk, preclinical assays measuring the capacity of biotherapeutics to elicit CD4 T cell response are commonly used. However, there is considerable variability in assay formats and a general poor understanding of their respective predictive value. In this study, we evaluated the performance of three different CD4 T cell proliferation assays in their capacity to predict clinical immunogenicity: a CD8 T cell depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) assay and two co-culture-based assays between dendritic cells (DCs) and autologous CD4 T cells with or without restimulation with monocytes. A panel of 10 antibodies with a wide range of clinical immunogenicity was selected. The CD8 T cell depleted PBMC assay predicted the clinical immunogenicity in four of the eight highly immunogenic antibodies included in the panel. Similarly, five antibodies with high clinical immunogenicity triggered a response in the DC: CD4 T cell assay but the responses were of lower magnitude than the ones observed in the PBMC assay. Remarkably, three antibodies with high clinical immunogenicity did not trigger any response in either platform. The addition of a monocyte restimulation step to the DC: CD4 T cell assay did not further improve its predictive value. Overall, these results indicate that there are no CD4 T cell assay formats that can predict the clinical immunogenicity of all biotherapeutics and reinforce the need to combine results from various preclinical assays assessing antigen uptake and presentation to fully mitigate the immunogenicity risk of biotherapeutics.
T 细胞依赖性抗体反应对生物治疗仍然是生物治疗最佳临床应用的一个挑战,因为它们有能力损害药物疗效并可能引起安全问题。为了最大限度地降低这种临床免疫原性风险,通常使用测量生物治疗剂引起 CD4 T 细胞反应能力的临床前检测。然而,检测方法的格式存在相当大的差异,对其各自预测价值的理解也普遍较差。在这项研究中,我们评估了三种不同的 CD4 T 细胞增殖检测在预测临床免疫原性方面的性能:一种 CD8 T 细胞耗尽外周血单核细胞(PBMC)检测和两种基于树突状细胞(DC)与自体 CD4 T 细胞的共培养检测,其中或不与单核细胞重新刺激。选择了一个具有广泛临床免疫原性的 10 种抗体的面板。CD8 T 细胞耗尽的 PBMC 检测预测了包括在面板中的 8 种高度免疫原性抗体中的 4 种的临床免疫原性。同样,五种具有高临床免疫原性的抗体在 DC:CD4 T 细胞检测中触发了反应,但反应的幅度低于 PBMC 检测中观察到的反应。值得注意的是,三种具有高临床免疫原性的抗体在任何平台上都没有触发任何反应。在 DC:CD4 T 细胞检测中添加单核细胞再刺激步骤并没有进一步提高其预测价值。总体而言,这些结果表明,没有任何 CD4 T 细胞检测方法可以预测所有生物治疗剂的临床免疫原性,并且需要结合评估抗原摄取和呈递的各种临床前检测结果,以充分降低生物治疗剂的免疫原性风险。
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