Lastra González David, Nishikawa Kanto, Eto Koshiro, Terui Shigeharu, Kamimura Ryo, Viñuela Rodríguez Nuria, Yoshikawa Natsuhiko, Tominaga Atsushi
Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
PLoS One. 2024 Jun 13;19(6):e0305228. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305228. eCollection 2024.
The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans [Bsal] is causing declines in the amphibian populations. After a decade of mapping the pathogen in Europe, where it is causing dramatic outbreaks, and North America, where its arrival would affect to the salamander's biodiversity hotspot, little is known about its current status in Asia, from presumably is native. Japan has several species considered as potential carriers, but no regulation is implemented against Bsal spreading. Previous Bsal known presence detected various cases on the Okinawa Island, southwestern Japan. Previous studies on its sister species, B. dendrobatidis presented a high genomic variation in this area and particularly on Cynops ensicauda. Here, we have done the largest monitoring to date in Japan on the Cynops genus, focusing on Okinawa Island and updating its distribution and providing more information to unravel the still unknown origin of Bsal. Interestingly, we have provided revealing facts about different detectability depending on the used molecular techniques and changes in its Japanese distribution. All in all, the Bsal presence in Japan, together with its low variability in the sequenced amplicons, and the lack of apparent mortalities, may indicate that this part of Asia has a high diversity of chytrids.
蛙壶菌(Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans,简称Bsal)正在导致两栖动物数量减少。在对这种病原体在欧洲(它正在欧洲引发大规模疫情)和北美洲(它的到来将影响蝾螈生物多样性热点地区)进行了十年的监测之后,对于它在可能是其原产地的亚洲的现状却知之甚少。日本有几种物种被认为是潜在携带者,但尚未实施针对Bsal传播的监管措施。此前在日本西南部的冲绳岛检测到Bsal的存在。此前对其姊妹物种——蛙壶菌(B. dendrobatidis)的研究表明,该地区存在高度的基因组变异,尤其是在琉球棘螈(Cynops ensicauda)身上。在此,我们对日本的棘螈属进行了迄今为止规模最大的监测,重点关注冲绳岛,更新了其分布情况,并提供了更多信息,以解开Bsal仍然未知的起源之谜。有趣的是,我们揭示了根据所使用的分子技术不同而产生的不同检测能力,以及它在日本分布的变化。总而言之,Bsal在日本的存在,以及其测序扩增子的低变异性和缺乏明显的死亡情况,可能表明亚洲的这一地区存在高度多样的蛙壶菌。