Department of Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2024 Sep;38(3):559-579. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2024.04.007. Epub 2024 Jun 12.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are more commonly seen in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). Routine sexual history taking and appropriate multisite screening practices support prompt identification and treatment of patients, which in turn reduces morbidity and spread of STIs including HIV. Nucleic acid amplification testing has high accuracy for diagnosing many of the major STIs. Diagnosis of syphilis remains complex, requiring 2 stage serologic testing, along with provider awareness of the myriad symptoms that can be attributable to this disease. Prevention through mechanisms such as vaccines and postexposure prophylaxis hold promise to reduce the burden of STIs in PWH.
性传播感染(STIs)在人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者中更为常见。常规的性病史询问和适当的多部位筛查实践有助于及时发现和治疗患者,从而降低发病率和 STIs(包括 HIV)的传播。核酸扩增检测对许多主要 STIs 的诊断具有很高的准确性。梅毒的诊断仍然很复杂,需要进行 2 期血清学检测,同时要求提供者了解可能归因于这种疾病的无数症状。通过疫苗和暴露后预防等机制进行预防有望减轻 HIV 感染者的 STI 负担。