堪萨斯城交通与局地空气质量研究(KC-TRAQS)中的 PM、黑碳和痕量金属测量分析。

Analysis of PM, black carbon, and trace metals measurements from the Kansas City Transportation and Local-Scale Air Quality Study (KC-TRAQS).

机构信息

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Durham, NC, USA.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7, Kansas City, MO, USA.

出版信息

J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2024 Aug;74(8):581-594. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2024.2365708. Epub 2024 Jul 23.

Abstract

Communities near transportation sources can be impacted by higher concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and other air pollutants. Few studies have reported on air quality in complex urban environments with multiple transportation sources. To better understand these environments, the Kansas City Transportation and Local-Scale Air Quality Study (KC-TRAQS) was conducted in three neighborhoods in Southeast Kansas City, Kansas. This area has several emissions sources including transportation (railyards, vehicles, diesel trucks), light industry, commercial facilities, and residential areas. Stationary samples were collected for 1-year (October 24, 2017, to October 31, 2018) at six sites using traditional sampling methods and lower-cost air sensor packages. This work examines PM less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM), black carbon (BC), and trace metals data collected during KC-TRAQS. PM filter samples showed the highest 24-h mean concentrations (9.34 μg/m) at the sites located within 20-50 m of the railyard. Mean 24-h PM concentrations, ranging from 7.96 to 9.34 μg/m, at all sites were lower than that of the nearby regulatory site (9.83 μg/m). Daily maximum PM concentrations were higher at the KC-TRAQS sites (ranging from 25.31 to 43.76 μg/m) compared to the regulatory site (20.50 μg/m), suggesting short-duration impacts of localized emissions sources. Across the KC-TRAQS sites, 24-h averaged PM concentrations from the sensor package (P-POD) ranged from 3.24 to 5.69 µg/m showing that, out-of-the-box, the PM sensor underestimated the reference concentrations. KC-TRAQS was supplemented by elemental and organic carbon (EC/OC) and trace metal analysis of filter samples. The EC/OC data suggested the presence of secondary organic aerosol formation, with the highest mean concentrations observed at the site within 20 m of the railyard. Trace metals data showed daily, monthly, and seasonal variations for iron, copper, zinc, chromium, and nickel, with elevated concentrations occurring during the summer at most of the sites.: This work reports on findings from a year-long air quality study in Southeast Kansas City, Kansas to understand micro-scale air quality in neighborhoods impacted by multiple emissions sources such as transportation sources (including a large railyard operation), light industry, commercial facilities, and residential areas. While dozens of studies have reported on air quality near roadways, this work will provide more information on PM, black carbon, and trace metals concentrations near other transportation sources in particular railyards. This work can also inform additional field studies near railyards.

摘要

社区附近的交通源会受到更高浓度的颗粒物(PM)和其他空气污染物的影响。很少有研究报告过在具有多个交通源的复杂城市环境中的空气质量。为了更好地了解这些环境,堪萨斯城交通和局部尺度空气质量研究(KC-TRAQS)在堪萨斯州东南部堪萨斯城的三个社区进行。该地区有几个排放源,包括交通(铁路场、车辆、柴油卡车)、轻工业、商业设施和居民区。在 2017 年 10 月 24 日至 2018 年 10 月 31 日的一年中,使用传统采样方法和成本较低的空气传感器包在六个地点采集了固定样本。这项工作检查了 KC-TRAQS 期间收集的 PM 小于 2.5μm(PM)、黑碳(BC)和痕量金属数据。位于距铁路场 20-50m 范围内的站点的 PM 过滤器样本显示 24 小时平均浓度最高(9.34μg/m)。所有站点的 24 小时 PM 浓度范围为 7.96 至 9.34μg/m,均低于附近监管站点(9.83μg/m)。与监管站点(20.50μg/m)相比,KC-TRAQS 站点的日最大 PM 浓度更高(范围为 25.31 至 43.76μg/m),表明局部排放源的短期影响。在 KC-TRAQS 站点,传感器套件(P-POD)的 24 小时平均 PM 浓度范围为 3.24 至 5.69μg/m,表明 PM 传感器在出厂时低估了参考浓度。KC-TRAQS 补充了过滤器样本中元素和有机碳(EC/OC)和痕量金属分析。EC/OC 数据表明存在二次有机气溶胶形成,在距铁路场 20m 范围内的站点观察到最高平均浓度。痕量金属数据显示了铁、铜、锌、铬和镍的日、月和季节性变化,在大多数站点的夏季浓度升高。本研究报告了堪萨斯州东南部堪萨斯城为期一年的空气质量研究结果,以了解受多种排放源(包括大型铁路场作业)、轻工业、商业设施和居民区影响的社区的微观空气质量。虽然数十项研究报告了道路附近的空气质量,但这项工作将提供有关 PM、黑碳和痕量金属浓度的更多信息,特别是在其他交通源(如铁路场)附近。这项工作还可以为铁路场附近的其他现场研究提供信息。

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