Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts, Northern Border University, Rafha, 91911, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884, Cairo, Egypt.
Eur J Med Chem. 2024 Sep 5;275:116589. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116589. Epub 2024 Jun 8.
Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to hyperglycemia, which causes neuropathy, heart attacks, retinopathy, and nervous system damage over time, therefore, controlling hyperglycemia using potential drug target inhibitors is a promising strategy. This work focused on synthesizing new derivatives via the diazo group, using a hybridization strategy involving two approved drugs, paracetamol and several sulfonamides. The newly designed diazo-paracetamols 5-12 were fully characterized and then screened for in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities and exhibited inhibitory percentages (IP) = 92.5-96.5 % and 91.0-95.7 % compared to Acarbose IP = 96.5 and 95.8 %, respectively at 100 μg/mL. The IC values of the synthesized derivatives were evaluated against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, and the results demonstrated moderate to potent activity. Among the tested diazo-paracetamols, compound 11 was found to have the highest potency activity against α-amylase with IC value of 0.98 ± 0.015 μM compared to Acarbose IC = 0.43 ± 0.009 μM, followed by compound 10 (IC = 1.55 ± 0.022 μM) and compound 9 (IC = 1.59 ± 0.023 μM). On the other hand, for α-glucosidase, compound 10 with pyrimidine moiety demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity with IC = 1.39 ± 0.021 μM relative to Acarbose IC = 1.24 ± 0.029 μM and the order of the most active derivatives was 10 > 9 (IC = 2.95 ± 0.046 μM) > 11 (IC = 5.13 ± 0.082 μM). SAR analysis confirmed that the presence of 4,5-dimethyl-isoxazole or pyrimidine nucleus attached to the sulfonyl group is important for activity. Finally, the docking simulation was achieved to determine the mode of binding interactions for the most active derivatives in the enzyme's active site.
未经控制的糖尿病会导致高血糖,随着时间的推移,高血糖会导致神经病、心脏病发作、视网膜病变和神经系统损伤,因此,使用潜在的药物靶标抑制剂来控制高血糖是一种很有前途的策略。这项工作专注于通过重氮基团合成新的衍生物,采用涉及两种已批准药物扑热息痛和几种磺胺类药物的杂交策略。新设计的重氮扑热息痛 5-12 被充分表征,然后筛选体外 α-淀粉酶和 α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,并表现出抑制百分率(IP)=92.5-96.5%和 91.0-95.7%,与阿卡波糖 IP=96.5%和 95.8%相比,在 100μg/ml 时。合成衍生物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的 IC 值进行了评估,结果表明具有中等至较强的活性。在所测试的重氮扑热息痛中,发现化合物 11 对 α-淀粉酶的活性最高,IC 值为 0.98±0.015μM,与阿卡波糖 IC=0.43±0.009μM 相比,其次是化合物 10(IC=1.55±0.022μM)和化合物 9(IC=1.59±0.023μM)。另一方面,对于α-葡萄糖苷酶,具有嘧啶部分的化合物 10 表现出最高的抑制活性,IC=1.39±0.021μM,与阿卡波糖 IC=1.24±0.029μM 相比,最活跃的衍生物的顺序为 10>9(IC=2.95±0.046μM)>11(IC=5.13±0.082μM)。SAR 分析证实,磺酰基上连接 4,5-二甲基异恶唑或嘧啶核对于活性很重要。最后,通过对接模拟确定了最活跃的衍生物在酶活性位点的结合模式。
Future Med Chem. 2025-2