Association between specific human leukocyte antigen alleles and development of thyroid immune-related adverse event.

Inherent variations in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles have been revealed epidemiologically to influence the development of autoimmune diseases. HLA alleles may thus also be associated with the development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), such as thyroid irAE. In this case-control study, 71 cancer patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors were enrolled and HLA-genotyped and the frequency of HLA alleles was compared. , and were significantly more frequent in patients with thyroid irAE than in patients without any irAEs (35.0 vs 3.2% [ = 0.004], 80.0 vs 45.2% [ = 0.020] and 55.0 vs 25.8% [ = 0.044], respectively). , and appear to be associated with thyroid irAE.