Khater Dima, Alkhabbas Manal, Al-Ma'abreh Alaa M
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan.
Molecules. 2024 May 24;29(11):2489. doi: 10.3390/molecules29112489.
Agricultural residue-activated carbon and biochar, inexpensive and environmentally friendly adsorbent materials, have recently received significant research attention. This study investigated the potential use of oak cupules in activated carbon form to remove widespread heavy metals (Pb, Cu, and Ni) from wastewater. The oak-activated carbon was prepared from oak cupules and activated with phosphoric acid. Oak-activated carbon was characterized using FTIR, BET analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin isotherm models were used to assess the equilibrium data. The impact of various parameters, including pH effect, temperature, adsorbent dose, and contact time, was estimated. The Freundlich model was the most agreeable with Pb adsorption by oak-based activated carbon, and Langmuir was more compatible with Cu and Ni. Under optimum conditions, the average maximum removal was 63% Pb, 60% Cu, and 54% Ni when every ion was alone in the aqueous solution. The removal was enhanced to 98% Pb, 72% Cu, and 60% Ni when found as a mixture. The thermodynamic model revealed that the adsorption of ions by oak-based activated carbon is endothermic. The pseudo-second-order kinetic best describes the adsorption mechanism in this study; it verifies chemical sorption as the rate-limiting step in adsorption mechanisms. The oak-activated carbon was effective in removing Pb, Cu, and Ni from wastewater and aqueous solutions.
农业废弃物活性炭和生物炭作为廉价且环保的吸附材料,近来受到了大量的研究关注。本研究调查了以活性炭形式存在的橡子壳去除废水中常见重金属(铅、铜和镍)的潜在用途。橡子壳活性炭由橡子壳制备并用磷酸活化。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、比表面积分析(BET)、能量色散X射线光谱(EDS)、热重分析(TGA)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对橡子壳活性炭进行了表征。采用弗伦德利希等温线模型、朗缪尔等温线模型和坦金等温线模型来评估平衡数据。评估了包括pH值影响、温度、吸附剂剂量和接触时间等各种参数的影响。弗伦德利希模型最适合基于橡木的活性炭对铅的吸附,而朗缪尔模型更适合对铜和镍的吸附。在最佳条件下,当每种离子单独存在于水溶液中时,平均最大去除率分别为63%的铅、60%的铜和54%的镍。当以混合物形式存在时,铅的去除率提高到98%,铜提高到72%,镍提高到60%。热力学模型表明,基于橡木的活性炭对离子的吸附是吸热的。伪二级动力学最能描述本研究中的吸附机制;它验证了化学吸附是吸附机制中的限速步骤。橡子壳活性炭能有效去除废水和水溶液中的铅、铜和镍。