Roach Lettie A, Smith Madison M, Herman Agnieszka, Ringeisen Damien
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA.
Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; email:
Ann Rev Mar Sci. 2025 Jan;17(1):355-379. doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-121422-015323. Epub 2024 Nov 25.
The seasonal sea ice zone encompasses the region between the winter maximum and summer minimum sea ice extent. In both the Arctic and Antarctic, the majority of the ice cover can now be classified as seasonal. Here, we review the sea ice physics that governs the evolution of seasonal sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic, spanning sea ice growth, melt, and dynamics and including interactions with ocean surface waves as well as other coupled processes. The advent of coupled wave-ice modeling and discrete-element modeling, together with improved and expanded satellite observations and field campaigns, has yielded advances in process understanding. Many topics remain in need of further investigation, including rheologies appropriate for seasonal sea ice, wave-induced sea ice fracture, welding for sea ice freeze-up, and the distribution of snow on seasonal sea ice. Future research should aim to redress biases (such as disparities in focus between the Arctic and Antarctic and between summer and winter processes) and connect observations to modeling across spatial scales.
季节性海冰区涵盖了冬季海冰范围最大值与夏季海冰范围最小值之间的区域。在北极和南极，现在大部分冰盖都可归类为季节性的。在此，我们回顾了支配北极和南极季节性海冰演变的海冰物理学，内容涵盖海冰的生长、融化和动力学，包括与海洋表面波以及其他耦合过程的相互作用。耦合波 - 冰建模和离散元建模的出现，以及改进和扩展的卫星观测与实地考察，在过程理解方面取得了进展。许多主题仍需进一步研究，包括适用于季节性海冰的流变学、波浪引起的海冰破裂、海冰冻结时的焊接以及季节性海冰上雪的分布。未来的研究应旨在纠正偏差（例如北极和南极之间以及夏季和冬季过程之间在重点上的差异），并将不同空间尺度上的观测与建模联系起来。
