审查评估女性运动表现的研究中激素避孕药具代表性的情况。

Auditing the representation of hormonal contraceptives in studies assessing exercise performance in women.

机构信息

Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK.

Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

出版信息

J Sports Sci. 2024 May;42(9):825-839. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2368762. Epub 2024 Jun 19.

Abstract

Hormonal contraceptive (HC) users have a different ovarian hormonal profile compared to eumenorrheic women. Due to the prevalence of HC use amongst sportswomen, there has been increased research efforts to understand their impact on exercise performance. The aim was to audit this research. Studies identified were assessed for HC type, athlete calibre, performance outcome, study design, and quality of methodological control regarding ovarian hormonal profiles. Sixty-eight different HCs were reported across 61 studies. Monophasic combined oral contraceptive (OCP) pills represented 60% of HCs, followed by other pills [34%, phasic-combined, progestogen-only, and un-specified], phasic and long acting reversible contraceptives [5%, vaginal ring, patch, implant, injection, intrauterine system] and unspecified HCs (1%). Eleven percent of participants using HCs were classified as highly trained or elite/international with no participants being classed as world class. Whilst the number of studies involving HCs has increased two-fold over the past decade, the number of studies ranked as gold standard has not increased (HC; 2003-57%, 2011-55%, 2022-43%. OCP; 2003-14%, 2011-17%, 2022-12%). Future research assessing HCs and exercise performance should adopt high-quality research designs and include a broader range of HCs in highly trained to world-class populations to increase the reach and impact of research in this area.

摘要

与月经正常的女性相比,激素避孕(HC)使用者的卵巢激素谱不同。由于运动员中 HC 的使用较为普遍,因此人们越来越关注它对运动表现的影响。本研究旨在对相关研究进行审查。所确定的研究按 HC 类型、运动员水平、运动表现结果、研究设计和卵巢激素谱的方法学控制质量进行评估。61 项研究报告了 68 种不同的 HC。单相复方口服避孕药(OCP)占 60%,其次是其他避孕药[34%,周期性-复方、孕激素仅、未特指]、周期性和长效可逆避孕药[5%,阴道环、贴片、植入物、注射、宫内节育系统]和未特指的 HC[1%]。使用 HC 的参与者中有 11%被归类为高度训练或精英/国际水平,没有参与者被归类为世界级水平。尽管过去十年中涉及 HC 的研究数量增加了两倍,但被评为黄金标准的研究数量并未增加(HC;2003-57%,2011-55%,2022-43%。OCP;2003-14%,2011-17%,2022-12%)。未来评估 HC 和运动表现的研究应采用高质量的研究设计,并在高度训练至世界级人群中纳入更广泛的 HC 种类,以增加该领域研究的影响力。

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