Integrated Genetics and Evolution Laboratory (IGEL), Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, India, 131029; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, India, 411008.
Integrated Genetics and Evolution Laboratory (IGEL), Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, India, 131029.
Exp Gerontol. 2024 Sep;194:112501. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112501. Epub 2024 Jun 18.
Diet significantly affects reproductive outcomes across species, yet the precise effects of macronutrient compositions beyond caloric intake on reproductive aging are understudied. Existing literature presents conflicting views on the fertility impacts of nutrient-rich versus nutrient-poor developmental diets, underscoring a notable research gap. This study addresses these gaps by examining effects of isocaloric diets with varied protein-to-carbohydrate ratios during both developmental and adult stages on reproductive aging of a large, outbred Drosophila melanogaster population (n = ∼2100). Our results clearly demonstrate an age-dependent dietary impact on reproductive output, initially dominated by the developmental diet, then by a combination of developmental and adult diets in early to mid-life, and ultimately by the adult diet in later life. Importantly, we found that the effects of developmental and adult diets on reproductive output are independent, with no significant interaction. Further investigations into the mechanisms revealed that the effect of developmental diet on fecundity is regulated via ovarioles formation and vitellogenesis; while, the effect of adult diet on fecundity is mostly regulated only via vitellogenesis. These insights resolve disputes in the literature about dietary impacts on fertility and offer valuable perspectives for optimizing fertility strategies in improving public health and conservation efforts in this changing world.
饮食在不同物种的生殖结果中都有显著影响，但关于宏量营养素组成（超出热量摄入）对生殖衰老的确切影响的研究还很不足。现有文献对营养丰富与营养贫瘠的发育期饮食对生育能力的影响存在相互矛盾的观点，这突出了一个显著的研究空白。本研究通过检查在发育和成年阶段等热量的、具有不同蛋白质与碳水化合物比例的饮食对一个大型、杂交的黑腹果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）群体（n=∼2100）的生殖衰老的影响，来填补这些空白。我们的结果清楚地表明，饮食对生殖产出具有年龄依赖性影响，最初主要由发育期饮食决定，然后在生命早期到中期由发育期和成年期饮食共同决定，最后由成年期饮食决定。重要的是，我们发现发育期和成年期饮食对生殖产出的影响是独立的，没有显著的相互作用。进一步的机制研究表明，发育期饮食对生殖力的影响是通过卵原细胞形成和卵黄发生来调节的；而成年期饮食对生殖力的影响主要通过卵黄发生来调节。这些发现解决了文献中关于饮食对生育能力影响的争议，并为在这个变化的世界中优化生育策略以改善公共健康和保护努力提供了有价值的视角。
