Ooi Kee June, Taylor Rachael M, Fenton Sasha, Hutchesson Melinda J, Collins Clare E
School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Food and Nutrition Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
Nutr Rev. 2025 Mar 1;83(3):e947-e964. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae073.
Diet quality indices (DQIs) assess the level of adherence to dietary recommendations and a specified dietary pattern in populations; however, there is limited evidence regarding the construct criteria and validation methodology of DQIs used in pregnant women.
The objectives of this study were to (i) identify and describe characteristics of DQIs that have been validated for use in pregnant women in high-income countries, and (ii) evaluate criteria used to develop DQIs and validation methodologies employed.
CINAHL, Embase, Medline, SCOPUS, and Web of Science were systematically searched for eligible articles published between 1980 and November 2022 that focused on DQIs validated for use in pregnant women from high-income countries.
Characteristics, development criteria, and validation methodologies used in the included articles were extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second reviewer.
A narrative synthesis and descriptive statistics were used to summarize the review findings. Reporting was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement.
Six articles with 5 validated DQIs were identified. In total, 3777 participants were included - five articles had pregnant women aged 31-50 years and in their second trimester. Food frequency questionnaires were used as the dietary assessment method in all studies, and 3 DQIs were used to assess dietary intake at 1 time point, using 2 different dietary assessment methods. No indices fulfilled preferred features for the DQI development criteria developed by Burggraf et al (2018). Construct validity was assessed by all DQIs, followed by criterion validity (n = 4) and test-retest reliability (n = 2).
Limited high-quality validated DQIs for use in pregnant women in high-income countries were identified. Scoring for DQI components were not specific to nutrient requirements for pregnant women. Findings from this review may inform the development of DQIs that evaluate specific dietary requirements and specific food safety considerations applicable to pregnancy.
饮食质量指数（DQIs）用于评估人群对饮食建议和特定饮食模式的遵循程度；然而，关于孕妇使用的DQIs的构建标准和验证方法的证据有限。
本研究的目的是：（i）识别并描述已在高收入国家孕妇中验证使用的DQIs的特征，以及（ii）评估用于制定DQIs的标准和采用的验证方法。
系统检索CINAHL、Embase、Medline、SCOPUS和Web of Science，查找1980年至2022年11月期间发表的符合条件的文章，这些文章聚焦于已在高收入国家孕妇中验证使用的DQIs。
由一名审阅者提取纳入文章中使用的特征、制定标准和验证方法，并由第二名审阅者进行核对。
采用叙述性综合分析和描述性统计来总结综述结果。报告遵循系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目声明。
确定了6篇文章，其中有5种经过验证的DQIs。总共纳入了3777名参与者——5篇文章中的孕妇年龄在31至50岁之间，处于孕中期。所有研究均使用食物频率问卷作为饮食评估方法，3种DQIs用于在1个时间点评估饮食摄入量，采用2种不同的饮食评估方法。没有指数符合Burggraf等人（2018年）制定的DQIs发展标准的首选特征。所有DQIs均评估了结构效度，其次是效标效度（n = 4）和重测信度（n = 2）。
在高收入国家孕妇中使用的经过验证的高质量DQIs有限。DQI成分的评分并非针对孕妇的营养需求。本综述的结果可能为评估适用于孕期的特定饮食需求和特定食品安全考虑因素的DQIs的开发提供参考。
