Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India.
Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Aug;274(Pt 1):133316. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133316. Epub 2024 Jun 20.
This study focuses on the optimization of Hydrastis canadensis-based nanocarriers in environmental and microbial applications like antibacterial and dye degradation. Hydrastis canadensis (H. canadensis) is loaded into the nanocarrier using a gelation method. Characterization involves pH analysis, UV-VIS spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, high-performance liquid chromatography, encapsulation efficiency. Further antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were tested. Dye degradation was evaluated at concentrations of 1 % of high molecular (HM) and 1.5 % of low molecular (LM) chitosan nanoparticles with both 3C and 1000C concentrations of the drug. The obtained results confirm the presence of chitosan nanocarrier alongside the pure drug in 1 % HM and 1.5 % LM chitosan particles with a notable encapsulation efficiency activity in both 3C and 1000C concentrations. Antimicrobial studies were carried out using the agar well diffusion method and revealed a significant zone of inhibition of 20 mm and 25 mm for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively in chitosan nanocarrier-loaded samples compared to pure drug and chitosan nanocarriers samples. The dye degradation studies of four dyes methylene blue, methylene orange, methylene red, and safranin using both pure drugs and chitosan nanocarrier-loaded drugs showed the highest percentage of degradation (76 %) against methylene blue in the chitosan nanocarrier-drug loaded formulation. These findings cumulatively underscore chitosan nanoparticles can be used as an effective carrier for Hydrastis Canadensis, with enhanced antimicrobial and dye degradation capabilities. Varied concentrations and molecular weights highlight the versatility of the ionotropic gelation method in optimizing drug delivery. Enhanced efficacy of the nanocarrier was evident in the observed zone of inhibition in antimicrobial testing. The substantial degradation percentage in methylene blue emphasizes the formulation's applicability in environmental dye removal processes, with potential avenues for improvement explored through interactions between the chitosan nanocarrier and H. canadensis characteristics. Future investigations may focus on scaling up the optimized formulation for large-scale applications and exploring release kinetics and comprehensive toxicity assessments for a holistic understanding of potential environmental and biomedical implications.
本研究专注于将药用植物水黄连制成的纳米载体进行优化，以应用于环境和微生物领域，如抗菌和染料降解。水黄连（Hydrastis canadensis）通过凝胶化方法载入纳米载体。特性分析包括 pH 值分析、紫外-可见分光光度法、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、动态光散射、高效液相色谱法和包封效率。进一步测试了对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌活性。在高相对分子质量（HM）1%和低相对分子质量（LM）1.5%壳聚糖纳米粒子浓度下，评估了 3C 和 1000C 药物浓度下的染料降解。所得结果证实，在 1%HM 和 1.5%LM 壳聚糖粒子中存在壳聚糖纳米载体和纯药物，且在 3C 和 1000C 药物浓度下均具有显著的包封效率活性。抗菌研究采用琼脂孔扩散法进行，结果表明，在载有水黄连的壳聚糖纳米载体样品中，对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈分别为 20mm 和 25mm，而纯药物和壳聚糖纳米载体样品的抑菌圈分别为 20mm 和 25mm。四种染料亚甲基蓝、亚甲基橙、亚甲基红和藏红的染料降解研究表明，在壳聚糖纳米载体-药物载体制剂中，对亚甲基蓝的降解率最高（76%）。这些发现综合表明，壳聚糖纳米粒子可用作水黄连的有效载体，具有增强的抗菌和染料降解能力。不同的浓度和相对分子质量突出了离子凝胶法在优化药物传递中的多功能性。在抗菌测试中观察到的抑菌圈增强了纳米载体的疗效。亚甲基蓝的高降解百分比强调了该制剂在环境染料去除过程中的适用性，并通过壳聚糖纳米载体与水黄连特性之间的相互作用探索了改进的途径。未来的研究可能集中于放大优化的配方，用于大规模应用，并探索释放动力学和全面毒性评估，以全面了解潜在的环境和生物医学影响。
