人类大脑类器官研究与应用：何处以及如何应对法律挑战？
Human Brain Organoid Research and Applications: Where and How to Meet Legal Challenges?
作者信息
Kataoka M, Lee T-L, Sawai T
机构信息
Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
Graduate Institute of Health and Biotechnology Law, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
出版信息
J Bioeth Inq. 2024 Dec;21(4):603-610. doi: 10.1007/s11673-024-10349-9. Epub 2024 Jul 5.
An ethical and legal framework is needed to regulate the rapidly developing human brain organoid research field properly. However, considering the legal issues involved in human brain organoid research remains underdeveloped and scattered. This article reviews the legal issues of human brain organoid research, grouping them into the following five broad themes: (1) consciousness, (2) legal status, (3) consent, (4) ownership, and (5) transplantation. The issues in each topic include both the urgent (e.g., appropriate forms of consent) and the speculative (e.g., protection of conscious human brain organoids). Therefore, we have attempted to be as explicit as possible about the timescale within which each issue will be realized and to prioritize each. Examining these issues has revealed legal issues specific to human brain organoid research and issues common to research in other fields. Further discussion of human brain organoid research from a legal perspective is needed in the future, considering discussions in related fields.
需要一个伦理和法律框架来恰当地规范迅速发展的人类脑类器官研究领域。然而，考虑到人类脑类器官研究中涉及的法律问题仍不发达且分散。本文回顾了人类脑类器官研究的法律问题，将其分为以下五个广泛主题：（1）意识，（2）法律地位，（3）同意，（4）所有权，以及（5）移植。每个主题中的问题既包括紧迫的（例如，同意的适当形式），也包括推测性的（例如，对有意识的人类脑类器官的保护）。因此，我们试图尽可能明确每个问题将在多长时间内实现，并对每个问题进行优先级排序。审视这些问题揭示了人类脑类器官研究特有的法律问题以及其他领域研究共有的问题。考虑到相关领域的讨论，未来需要从法律角度对人类脑类器官研究进行进一步讨论。
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