Cesana-Arlotti Nicolò, Halberda Justin
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Open Mind (Camb). 2024 Jun 28;8:809-825. doi: 10.1162/opmi_a_00148. eCollection 2024.
Children grow up surrounded by opportunities to learn (the language of their community, the movements of their body, other people's preferences and mental lives, games, social norms, etc.). Here, we find that toddlers (N = 36; age range 2.3-3.2 years) rely on a logical reasoning strategy, Disjunctive Inference (i.e., A OR B, A is ruled out, THEREFORE, B), across a variety of situations, all before they have any formal education or extensive experience with words for expressing logical meanings. In learning new words, learning new facts about a person, and finding the winner of a race, toddlers systematically consider and reject competitors before deciding who must be the winner. This suggests that toddlers may have a general-purpose logical reasoning tool that they can use in any situation.
儿童在成长过程中，周围充满了学习的机会（他们所在社区的语言、身体的动作、他人的偏好和心理活动、游戏、社会规范等）。在此，我们发现幼儿（N = 36；年龄范围2.3 - 3.2岁）在各种情况下都依赖一种逻辑推理策略——析取推理（即A或B，A被排除，所以是B），且这一切都发生在他们接受任何正规教育或有大量用于表达逻辑意义的词汇的丰富经验之前。在学习新单词、了解关于一个人的新事实以及找出比赛获胜者时，幼儿在决定谁必定是获胜者之前，会系统地考虑并排除竞争者。这表明幼儿可能拥有一种通用的逻辑推理工具，可用于任何情况。
