Enhanced therapeutic impact of Shikonin-encapsulated exosomes in the inhibition of colorectal cancer progression.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy with high mortality rates and poor prognosis. Shikonin (SHK) has demonstrated extensive anti-tumor activity across various cancers, yet its clinical application is hindered by poor solubility, limited bioavailability, and high toxicity. This study aims to develop SHK-loaded exosomes (SHK-Exos) and assess their efficacy in CRC progression. Exosomes were isolated using ultracentrifugation and characterized via TEM, NTA, and western blotting. Their cellular internalization was confirmed through confocal microscopy post PKH67 labeling. Effects on cell behaviors were assessed using CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed via flow cytometry. A xenograft tumor model evaluatedtherapeutic potential, and tumor tissues were examined using H&E staining andimaging. SHK-Exos demonstrated effective cell targeting and internalization in CRC cells., SHK-Exos surpassed free SHK in inhibiting aggressive cellular behaviors and promoting apoptosis, whilestudies showed substantial efficacy in reducing tumor growth with excellent tumor targeting and minimal toxicity. Employing SHK-Exos effectively impedes CRC progressionand, offering significant therapeutic potential. This research underscores the advantages of using autologous exosomes as a drug carrier, enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity.