Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation & Lanzhou Center for Tuberculosis Research, Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Scand J Immunol. 2023 May;97(5):e13261. doi: 10.1111/sji.13261. Epub 2023 Mar 6.
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). The structures of polysaccharides and glycolipids at M. tuberculosis cell wall vary among different strains, which affect the physiology and pathogenesis of mycobacteria by activating or inhibiting innate and acquired immunity. Among them, some components such as lipomannan (LM) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) activate innate immunity by recognizing some kinds of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like Toll-like receptors, while other components like mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) could prevent innate immune responses by inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and maturation of phagosomes. In addition, many glycolipids can activate natural killer T (NKT) cells and CD1-restricted T cells to produce interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Furthermore, humoral immunity against cell wall components, such as antibodies against LAM, plays a role in immunity against M. tuberculosis infection. Cell wall polysaccharides and glycolipids of M. tuberculosis have potential applications as antigens and adjuvants for novel TB subunit vaccines.
结核病（TB）是一种由结核分枝杆菌（M. tuberculosis）引起的慢性传染病。结核分枝杆菌细胞壁的多糖和糖脂结构在不同菌株间存在差异，通过激活或抑制固有和获得性免疫来影响分枝杆菌的生理和发病机制。其中，脂甘露聚糖（LM）和脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖（LAM）等成分通过识别 Toll 样受体等多种模式识别受体（PRRs）激活固有免疫，而甘露糖封端的脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖（ManLAM）等其他成分则通过抑制促炎细胞因子的分泌和吞噬体的成熟来抑制固有免疫反应。此外，许多糖脂可以激活自然杀伤 T（NKT）细胞和 CD1 限制性 T 细胞产生干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）。此外，针对细胞壁成分（如针对 LAM 的抗体）的体液免疫在抵抗结核分枝杆菌感染的免疫中发挥作用。结核分枝杆菌细胞壁多糖和糖脂具有作为新型结核亚单位疫苗的抗原和佐剂的潜力。
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