Boguszewska Aleksandra, Kiersztan Anna
Zakład Regulacji Metabolizmu, Instytut Biochemii, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski.
Postepy Biochem. 2024 Jan 30;69(4):298-309. doi: 10.18388/pb.2021_506.
The main function of bile acids (BA) is participation in the emulsification of dietary fats. Recently it has been discovered that BAs can also act as signaling molecules regulating the processes of their own synthesis and metabolism, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, they affect the motility of the digestive tract and food intake. BA also interacts with the gut microbiota, a major player in their metabolism. Most of the regulatory actions of BAs are mediated by their receptors, the most important of which are the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the G protein-coupled receptor -TGR5, found in large amounts in the intestine, liver, adipose tissue and other tissues of the body. Recently, much attention has been paid to the influence of BA on various diseases and the possibility of using them in the treatment of e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, liver diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity.
胆汁酸（BA）的主要功能是参与膳食脂肪的乳化。最近发现，胆汁酸还可以作为信号分子，调节其自身的合成和代谢过程，以及葡萄糖和脂质代谢。此外，它们还会影响消化道的蠕动和食物摄入。胆汁酸还与肠道微生物群相互作用，而肠道微生物群是其代谢过程中的主要参与者。胆汁酸的大多数调节作用是由其受体介导的，其中最重要的是法尼醇X受体（FXR）和G蛋白偶联受体-TGR5，它们大量存在于肠道、肝脏、脂肪组织和身体的其他组织中。最近，胆汁酸对各种疾病的影响以及将其用于治疗例如炎症性肠病、肝脏疾病、2型糖尿病和肥胖症的可能性受到了广泛关注。
