Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
J Oral Biosci. 2024 Sep;66(3):485-490. doi: 10.1016/j.job.2024.07.003. Epub 2024 Jul 18.
Disorders of the trigeminal nerve, a sensory nerve of the orofacial region, often lead to complications in dental practice, including neuropathic pain, allodynia, and ectopic pain. Management of these complications requires an understanding of the cytoarchitecture of the trigeminal ganglion, where the cell bodies of the trigeminal nerve are located, and the mechanisms of cell-cell interactions.
In the trigeminal ganglion, ganglion, satellite, Schwann, and immune cells coexist and interact. Cell-cell interactions are complex and occur through direct contact via gap junctions or through mediators such as adenosine triphosphate, nitric oxide, peptides, and cytokines. Interactions between the nervous and immune systems within the trigeminal ganglion may have neuroprotective effects during nerve injury or may exacerbate inflammation and produce chronic pain. Under pathological conditions of the trigeminal nerve, cell-cell interactions can cause allodynia and ectopic pain. Although cell-cell interactions that occur via mediators can act at some distance, they are more effective when the cells are close together. Therefore, information on the three-dimensional topography of trigeminal ganglion cells is essential for understanding the pathophysiology of ectopic pain.
A three-dimensional map of the somatotopic localization of trigeminal ganglion neurons revealed that ganglion cells innervating distant orofacial regions are often apposed to each other, interacting with and potentially contributing to ectopic pain. Elucidation of the complex network of mediators and their receptors responsible for intercellular communication within the trigeminal ganglion is essential for understanding ectopic pain.
三叉神经是口腔面部区域的感觉神经，其功能紊乱常导致牙科实践中的并发症，包括神经病理性疼痛、感觉异常和异位疼痛。这些并发症的管理需要了解三叉神经节的细胞结构，三叉神经的细胞体位于其中，以及细胞间相互作用的机制。
在三叉神经节中，神经节、卫星细胞、施万细胞和免疫细胞共存并相互作用。细胞间相互作用很复杂，通过缝隙连接直接接触或通过诸如三磷酸腺苷、一氧化氮、肽和细胞因子等介质发生。三叉神经节内神经系统和免疫系统之间的相互作用可能在神经损伤时具有神经保护作用，也可能加重炎症并产生慢性疼痛。在三叉神经的病理条件下，细胞间相互作用可引起感觉异常和异位疼痛。尽管通过介质发生的细胞间相互作用可以在一定距离起作用，但当细胞彼此靠近时，它们更有效。因此，了解三叉神经节细胞的三维拓扑结构对于理解异位疼痛的病理生理学至关重要。
三叉神经节神经元躯体定位的三维图谱显示，支配远口腔面部区域的神经节细胞经常彼此相邻，相互作用并可能导致异位疼痛。阐明三叉神经节内负责细胞间通讯的复杂介质网络及其受体对于理解异位疼痛至关重要。
