Efficiency of Encapsulation of Thioflavin T (ThT) into Polar and Nonpolar Environments of Different Bile Salt Aggregates: A Femtosecond Fluorescence Study.

The binding of Thioflavin T (ThT) with various bile salts, a potential host molecule, has been analyzed by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. A comparative study has been executed to investigate the influence of confinement of different bile salts, namely, sodium cholate (NaCh), sodium taurocholate (NaTC), and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) on binding and excited state torsional motion of ThT molecules. The changes in absorption and emission properties of probe molecules were found to be sensitive to increasing bile salt concentration in aqueous 0.2 (M) NaCl solutions. The photophysics of ThT mainly depends on hydrophobicity, morphology, and size of bile salt aggregates in solution. In the presence of bile salts, the emission intensity and emission lifetime of ThT increase significantly, indicating encapsulation of dye. Moreover, we have also investigated the effect of the ionic strength of the medium by sodium chloride (NaCl) on the spectroscopic properties of ThT in the restricted surroundings of aqueous bile salts. It is observed that the fluorescence lifetime of ThT in bile salts increases significantly in the presence of NaCl. The encapsulation efficiency of ThT in bile salt aggregates has been assessed by iodide () as an external ionic quencher. We found that NaDC aggregates are more efficient in the modulation of photophysical properties of ThT and also provide better protection efficiency to decrease the nonradiative deactivation processes.