Laboratory of Nutritional Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
Alcohol Alcohol. 2024 Jul 21;59(5). doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agae050.
The human intestine is colonized by a variety of microorganisms that influence the immune system, the metabolic response, and the nervous system, with consequences for brain function and behavior. Unbalance in this microbial ecosystem has been shown to be associated with psychiatric disorders, and altered gut microbiome composition related to bacteria, viruses, and fungi has been well established in patients with alcohol use disorder. This review describes the gut microbiome-brain communication pathways, including the ones related to the vagus nerve, the inflammatory cytokines, and the gut-derived metabolites. Finally, the potential benefits of microbiota-based therapies for the management of alcohol use disorder, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, are also discussed.
人体肠道定植着多种微生物，这些微生物影响着免疫系统、代谢反应和神经系统，从而对大脑功能和行为产生影响。研究表明，这种微生物生态系统的失衡与精神疾病有关，而酒精使用障碍患者的肠道微生物组组成与细菌、病毒和真菌的改变也已经得到充分证实。本综述描述了肠道微生物组-大脑的通讯途径，包括与迷走神经、炎症细胞因子和肠道来源的代谢物有关的途径。最后，还讨论了基于微生物组的治疗方法（如益生菌、益生元和粪便微生物移植）在治疗酒精使用障碍方面的潜在益处。
