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老年门诊患者临床显著药物相互作用的模式、结局及可预防性:来自印度北部一项为期6年的观察性研究的亚组分析

Patterns, outcomes, and preventability of clinically manifest drug-drug interactions in older outpatients: a subgroup analysis from a 6-year-long observational study in North India.

作者信息

Kaur Upinder, Reddy Jaideep, Reddy Noti Taruni Srija, Gambhir Indrajeet Singh, Yadav Ashish Kumar, Chakrabarti Sankha Shubhra

机构信息

Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

出版信息

Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2025 Jan;398(1):687-698. doi: 10.1007/s00210-024-03294-2. Epub 2024 Jul 24.

Abstract

Older adults are vulnerable to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Evidence on clinically manifest DDIs in older outpatients is scanty. The present study aims to report clinically manifest DDIs, their risk factors, and preventive measures. A subgroup analysis of a 6-year (2015-2021) long prospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in North India. Older outpatients with ADRs constituted the study participants. Among 933 ADRs reported in 10,400 patient registrations, clinically manifest DDIs were involved in 199 (21.3%). DDIs accounted for 29.9%, 26.5%, and 21.3% of drug-related metabolic, vascular, and nervous system disorders, respectively. Movement disorders (n = 18), hypotension (n = 16), and hypoglycemia (n = 15) were the most common manifestations. Eighty-six percent of DDIs were of the pharmacodynamic type, and 13.1% were immune-mediated. Around 35% of DDIs resulted in hospitalization, with hyponatremia, movement disorder, and renal impairment as the common reasons. Older adults with Parkinsonism, infection, coronary artery disease, neuropsychiatric disease, and diabetes mellitus, respectively, had 3.28, 2.85, 1.97, 1.76, and 1.80 times higher odds of DDIs. Those receiving ≥ 10 drugs had 5.31 times higher odds of DDIs compared to individuals receiving 1-4 drugs. "Avoiding the causative drug," "optimal monitoring of the patient," and "start-low and go-slow" policy together could prevent 85% of DDIs. In conclusion, every fifth case of ADRs and nearly one third of ADR-related hospitalizations in older adults are related to DDIs. Movement disorder, hypotension, and hypoglycemia are the common manifestations. A holistic approach with drug omission, optimal patient monitoring, and slow titration of therapy can prevent significant DDIs in older adults.

摘要

老年人易发生药物不良反应(ADR)和药物相互作用(DDI)。关于老年门诊患者中临床表现明显的DDI的证据很少。本研究旨在报告临床表现明显的DDI、其危险因素及预防措施。在印度北部的一家三级医院对一项为期6年(2015 - 2021年)的长期前瞻性研究进行了亚组分析。有ADR的老年门诊患者构成了研究参与者。在10400例患者登记中报告的933例ADR中,临床表现明显的DDI有199例(21.3%)。DDI分别占药物相关代谢、血管和神经系统疾病的29.9%、26.5%和21.3%。运动障碍(n = 18)、低血压(n = 16)和低血糖(n = 15)是最常见的表现。86%的DDI为药效学类型,13.1%为免疫介导型。约35%的DDI导致住院,低钠血症、运动障碍和肾功能损害是常见原因。患有帕金森病、感染、冠状动脉疾病、神经精神疾病和糖尿病的老年人发生DDI的几率分别高出3.28、2.85、1.97、1.76和1.80倍。与服用1 - 4种药物的个体相比,服用≥10种药物的人发生DDI的几率高出5.31倍。“停用致病药物”、“对患者进行最佳监测”和“从小剂量开始并缓慢增量”的策略共同可预防85%的DDI。总之,老年人中每五例ADR病例以及近三分之一与ADR相关的住院病例与DDI有关。运动障碍、低血压和低血糖是常见表现。采用停药、最佳患者监测和缓慢调整治疗的整体方法可预防老年人中显著的DDI。

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