Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2024 Sep;43(6):1545-1558. doi: 10.1111/dar.13905. Epub 2024 Jul 26.
Alcohol-free drinks are suggested as healthy alternatives for alcohol consumption. To achieve benefits, alcohol-free beverages must be consumed as a substitute for alcoholic beverages, not in addition. This study examined in a student sample (i) the frequency/quantity of alcohol(-free) consumption; (ii) the relationship between alcohol-free and alcohol consumption; (iii) alcohol-free drinks as substitution or in addition to alcoholic drinks; and (iv) possible gender differences.
Survey data regarding alcohol(-free) consumption (May-June 2022) of Dutch university students (N = 4.318, females 70.2%; males 28.5%, average age 22.6 years [SD = 2.4]).
(i) A total of 42.8% of the students indicated they had never consumed alcohol-free versus 10.1% who never consumed alcoholic beverages; (ii) the group who recently consumed alcohol-free also most often recently consumed alcoholic beverages (42.7%). The group that had never consumed alcohol-free drank on average more alcoholic beverages (M = 3.98 on a drinking day) compared to past and recent alcohol-free drinkers (respectively, M = 3.44 and M = 3.59). (iii) Most students (54.9%) reported drinking alcohol-free beverages in addition to alcohol, 17.4% indicated using it as a substitution. Students who consumed alcohol-free as 'substitution' were older, more often living alone or with a partner, less often living with parents and more often involved in a steady relationship compared to students who consumed in 'addition'. (iv) No prominent gender differences were found.
The majority of students remained consuming the same number of alcoholic beverages since they started consuming alcohol-free beverages, pointing to an addition effect. A small group did use alcohol-free beverages as a substitute for their alcohol consumption.
无酒精饮料被推荐为饮酒的健康替代品。为了获得益处，必须将无酒精饮料作为酒精饮料的替代品来饮用，而不是额外饮用。本研究在学生样本中考察了（i）酒精（无酒精）消费的频率/数量；（ii）无酒精和酒精消费之间的关系；（iii）无酒精饮料是作为替代品还是额外添加到酒精饮料中；以及（iv）可能的性别差异。
关于荷兰大学生（女性 70.2%，男性 28.5%，平均年龄 22.6 岁[SD=2.4]）的酒精（无酒精）消费的调查数据（2022 年 5 月至 6 月）。
（i）42.8%的学生表示他们从未喝过无酒精饮料，而 10.1%的学生从未喝过含酒精饮料；（ii）最近喝过无酒精饮料的学生最近也最常喝含酒精饮料（42.7%）。从未喝过无酒精饮料的学生平均在饮酒日饮用更多的含酒精饮料（M=3.98），与过去和最近的无酒精饮料饮用者相比（分别为 M=3.44 和 M=3.59）。（iii）大多数学生（54.9%）报告说他们除了喝酒外还喝无酒精饮料，17.4%的学生表示他们将其作为替代品。与饮用“添加”的学生相比，饮用“替代”的学生年龄较大，更经常独自或与伴侣居住，较少与父母居住，更经常处于稳定的关系中。（iv）没有发现明显的性别差异。
大多数学生自开始饮用无酒精饮料以来，仍保持相同数量的含酒精饮料消费，这表明存在附加效应。一小部分学生确实将无酒精饮料作为其酒精消费的替代品。
