This study investigated the effects of low-pressure cold plasma on the inactivation of vegetative cells and spores in an inert matrix (borosilicate glass slide) and in rice grains, using oxygen as ionization gas. Greater reductions in counts were observed in vegetative cells rather than spores. The experimental data obtained show that both the power of the plasma treatment and the matrix proved to be determining factors in the inactivation of both the spores and vegetative cells of . To characterize the inactivation of , experimental data were accurately fitted to the Weibull model. A significant decrease in parameter "a", representing resistance to treatment, was confirmed with treatment intensification. Furthermore, significant differences in the "a" value were observed between spores in inert and food matrices, suggesting the additional protective role of the food matrix for spores. These results demonstrate the importance of considering matrix effects in plasma treatment to ensure the effective inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms, particularly in foods with low water activity, such as rice. This approach contributes to mitigating the impact of foodborne illnesses caused by pathogenic microorganisms.