Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Monufia, Egypt.
Applied Organic Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt.
J Chromatogr A. 2024 Sep 13;1732:465192. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465192. Epub 2024 Jul 20.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a fascinating family of crystalline porous materials made up of metal clusters and organic linkers. In comparison with other porous materials, MOFs have unique characteristics including high surface area, homogeneous open cavities, and permanent high porosity with variable shapes and sizes. For these reasons, MOFs have recently been explored as sorbents in sample preparation by solid-phase extraction (SPE). However, SPE requires large amounts of sorbents and suffers from limited contact surfaces with analytes, which compromises extraction recovery and efficiency. Dispersive SPE (D-SPE) overcomes these limitations by dispersing the sorbents into the sample, which in turn increases contact with the analytes. Miniaturization of the microextraction procedure, particularly the amount of sorbent reduces the amount consumed of the organic solvent and shorten the time required to attain the equilibrium state. This may explain the reported high efficiency and applicability of MOFs in dispersive micro SPE (D-µ-SPE). This method retains all the advantages of solid phase extraction while also being simpler, faster, cheaper, and, in some cases, more effective in comparison with D-SPE. Besides, D-µ-SPE requires smaller amounts of the sorbents which reduces the overall cost, and the amount of waste generated from the analytical process. In this review, we discuss the applications of MOFs in D-µ-SPE of various analytes including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, organic dyes from miscellaneous matrices including water samples, biological samples and food samples.
金属-有机骨架（MOFs）是一类由金属簇和有机连接体组成的具有迷人特性的晶体多孔材料。与其他多孔材料相比，MOFs 具有独特的特性，包括高比表面积、均匀的开放空腔以及具有可变形状和尺寸的永久高孔隙率。由于这些原因，MOFs 最近被探索作为固相萃取（SPE）中的吸附剂用于样品制备。然而，SPE 需要大量的吸附剂，并且与分析物的接触表面有限，这会影响提取回收率和效率。分散固相萃取（D-SPE）通过将吸附剂分散到样品中克服了这些限制，从而增加了与分析物的接触。微萃取程序的小型化，特别是吸附剂的用量减少了有机溶剂的消耗，并缩短了达到平衡状态所需的时间。这可能解释了 MOFs 在分散微固相萃取（D-µ-SPE）中报告的高效率和适用性。该方法保留了固相萃取的所有优点，同时也更加简单、快速、便宜，并且在某些情况下比 D-SPE 更有效。此外，D-µ-SPE 需要更少的吸附剂，从而降低了总成本，并且减少了分析过程中产生的废物量。在本文中，我们讨论了 MOFs 在各种分析物的 D-µ-SPE 中的应用，包括药物、农药、来自各种基质（包括水样、生物样和食品样）的有机染料。
