CORAL, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Aug;31(38):50544-50556. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34508-y. Epub 2024 Aug 3.
The Thar is the most densely populated desert in the world, which supports diverse ecosystems and human endeavours such as agriculture and socioeconomic activities. Water demand and supply in the Thar play an essential role in regulating the socioeconomic activities of the region. Inland water and precipitation aid the movement of water in the Thar Desert. Precipitation in the Thar is governed by the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM), during which the winds distribute water vapour to regulate precipitation across the region. Therefore, we analyse the water vapour, its sources and its relation with precipitation using satellite measurements and reanalysis data in the Thar during ISM. Like other regions, a clear seasonal cycle of water vapour is observed in the Thar, with very high values (> 45 kg/m) during ISM and low in winter (< 15 kg/m). Evapotranspiration and moisture transport have significant effects on the amount of water vapour during ISM. There is a significant increase in water vapour in the troposphere, with high trends at the surface (0.032 g/kg/year) and small at the tropopause (0.00002 g/kg/year). A significant increase in column water vapour is also estimated in the Thar during ISM, with high trends in the eastern and southern areas, at about 0.15-0.35 kg/m/year. The rise in water vapour in the Thar can be attributed to the increase in evapotranspiration (0.03-0.07 mm/day/year) and water vapour transport (> 0.5 kg/m/s/year) from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean. The rise in water vapour can lead to an increase in precipitation in the Thar, as it shows significant positive trends (0.05-0.1 mm/day/year) in the eastern areas during ISM. The increase in precipitation and water vapour in the arid Thar Desert can have significant implications for the regional environment and agriculture.
塔尔沙漠是世界上人口最密集的沙漠，它支持着多样化的生态系统和人类活动，如农业和社会经济活动。塔尔沙漠的水资源需求和供应对该地区的社会经济活动起着至关重要的调节作用。内陆水和降水有助于塔尔沙漠中的水流动。塔尔沙漠的降水受印度夏季季风（ISM）的控制，在此期间，风将水蒸气输送到整个地区，调节降水。因此，我们利用卫星测量和再分析数据，在 ISM 期间分析了塔尔沙漠中的水蒸气及其来源与降水的关系。与其他地区一样，塔尔沙漠也存在明显的季节性水蒸气循环，ISM 期间水蒸气含量非常高（>45 千克/米），冬季则很低（<15 千克/米）。蒸散和水汽输送对 ISM 期间的水蒸气含量有显著影响。对流层中的水蒸气明显增加，地表呈上升趋势（0.032 克/千克/年），而平流层顶则较小（0.00002 克/千克/年）。在 ISM 期间，塔尔沙漠中的柱水汽也显著增加，东部和南部地区呈上升趋势，约为 0.15-0.35 千克/米/年。塔尔沙漠中水蒸气的增加可归因于从阿拉伯海和印度洋的蒸散量（0.03-0.07 毫米/天/年）和水汽输送（>0.5 千克/米/秒/年）的增加。随着水蒸气的增加，塔尔沙漠东部地区的降水也呈显著正趋势（0.05-0.1 毫米/天/年），这可能导致降水增加。在干旱的塔尔沙漠中，降水和水蒸气的增加可能对区域环境和农业产生重大影响。
