Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, 150070, China.
Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2024 Oct;153:109807. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109807. Epub 2024 Aug 3.
To investigate the effects of non-grain protein source and water temperature on growth and feed utilization differences of grass carp, the effects of different protein sources on the growth performance, serum biochemistry, digestive enzymes, amino acid transport and intestinal health of grass carp were studied at 24 °C, 28 °C and 32 °C. In this study, a total of 1350 grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (initial weight 5.00 ± 0.02 g) were selected, and Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP), Tenebrio molitor meal (TMM), cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) and Chlorella powder (CHP) were used as a single protein source to completely replace soybean meal for 56 days. The results showed that the final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of grass carp increased significantly with the increasing temperature (P < 0.001). The CHP and SBM groups showed no significant differences in FBW, WGR, SGR and PER (P > 0.05), which were higher than the CAP, TMM and CPC groups (P < 0.001). The alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total protein (TP) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations of grass carp at 32 °C were significantly lower than those at 24 °C and 28 °C (P < 0.001). The acid phosphatase (ACP) activity decreased significantly with the increase of temperature (P = 0.001). The amylase (AMS) activity of the TMM, CPC and CHP groups was significantly lower than that of the SBM and CAP groups (P < 0.001), and the ACP and lipase (LPS) activities in the TMM group were significantly lower than those in the SBM group (P < 0.001). In addition, the interaction between temperatures and protein sources significantly affected the gene expression levels of amino acid transport including solute carrier family 1 member 3 (SLC1A3), solute carrier family 7 member 1 (SLC7A1), solute carrier family 7 member 5 (SLC7A5), solute carrier family 15 member 1b (SLC15A1b), solute carrier family 7 member 7 (SLC7A7), target of rapamycin (TOR), 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), intestinal inflammatory including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tight junction proteins (occludin, claudin1, claudin3, claudin7 and claudin11) (P ≤ 0.001). Collectively, our results indicated that CHP could be a potential protein source in the case of complete replacement of soybean meal in grass carp.
为了研究非谷物蛋白源和水温对草鱼生长和饲料利用差异的影响，在 24°C、28°C 和 32°C 下研究了不同蛋白源对草鱼生长性能、血清生化指标、消化酶、氨基酸转运和肠道健康的影响。本研究选用 1350 尾草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idella）（初始体重 5.00±0.02g），用产丁酸梭菌蛋白（CAP）、黄粉虫粉（TMM）、棉籽蛋白浓缩物（CPC）和小球藻粉（CHP）分别完全替代豆粕，试验期为 56 天。结果表明，随着温度的升高（P<0.001），草鱼的末重（FBW）、增重率（WGR）、特定生长率（SGR）和蛋白质效率比（PER）均显著增加。CHP 和 SBM 组的 FBW、WGR、SGR 和 PER 无显著差异（P>0.05），均高于 CAP、TMM 和 CPC 组（P<0.001）。32°C 时草鱼的丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、总蛋白（TP）和甘油三酯（TG）浓度均显著低于 24°C 和 28°C（P<0.001）。酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性随温度升高而显著下降（P=0.001）。TMM、CPC 和 CHP 组的淀粉酶（AMS）活性显著低于 SBM 和 CAP 组（P<0.001），TMM 组的 ACP 和脂肪酶（LPS）活性显著低于 SBM 组（P<0.001）。此外，温度和蛋白源的交互作用显著影响了氨基酸转运相关基因的表达水平，包括溶质载体家族 1 成员 3（SLC1A3）、溶质载体家族 7 成员 1（SLC7A1）、溶质载体家族 7 成员 5（SLC7A5）、溶质载体家族 15 成员 1b（SLC15A1b）、溶质载体家族 7 成员 7（SLC7A7）、雷帕霉素靶蛋白（TOR）、4E 结合蛋白 1（4E-BP1）和核糖体蛋白 S6 激酶 1（S6K1），以及肠道炎症相关基因，包括肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）和紧密连接蛋白（occludin、claudin1、claudin3、claudin7 和 claudin11）（P≤0.001）。综上所述，本研究结果表明，在完全替代豆粕的情况下，CHP 可以作为草鱼的一种潜在蛋白源。
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