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2024年脊索动物起源、进化与发育国际综合与比较生物学学会研讨会介绍

Introduction to the 2024 Chordate Origins, Evolution and Development SICB Symposium.

作者信息

Swalla Billie J

机构信息

Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington, 98250, USA.

Biology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA.

出版信息

Integr Comp Biol. 2024 Aug 5. doi: 10.1093/icb/icae135.

Abstract

The evolution of the distinct chordate body plan has intrigued scientists for over a hundred and seventy years. Modern genomics and transcriptomics have allowed the elucidation of the Developmental Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) underlying the developmental programs for particular tissues and body axes in invertebrates and vertebrates. This has been most revealing in the Deuterostomia, the superphylum in which chordates evolved. The time was ripe to gather those working on deuterostome developmental GRNs to revisit the development and evolution of chordates and discuss the evolution of this unique body plan at the SICB 2024 meetings in Seattle, WA. It has been several years since the genomes of the major deuterostome clades have been sequenced - echinoderms, hemichordates, tunicates, lancelets and vertebrates. Genomic analyses have shown that lancelets have a genome and body plan that closely resemble the vertebrates, although phylogenomic analyses suggest that the tunicates are the sister group of the vertebrates. The evolution of the sessile and sometimes colonial adult tunicates was likely from a motile, lancelet-like ancestor. Scientists from all over the world converged at the SICB meetings in Seattle to discuss the current ideas of how chordates evolved. Some common mechanisms and themes emerged and are captured in this ICB volume on Chordate Origins, Evolution and Development.

摘要

独特的脊索动物身体结构的演化已经吸引了科学家一百七十多年。现代基因组学和转录组学使得人们能够阐明无脊椎动物和脊椎动物中特定组织和身体轴发育程序背后的发育基因调控网络(GRNs)。这在脊索动物所属的后口动物超门中最为显著。召集那些研究后口动物发育GRNs的人员,在华盛顿州西雅图举行的2024年实验生物学学会(SICB)会议上重新审视脊索动物的发育与演化,并讨论这种独特身体结构的演化,时机已经成熟。主要后口动物类群——棘皮动物、半索动物、被囊动物、文昌鱼和脊椎动物的基因组测序已经完成数年了。基因组分析表明,文昌鱼的基因组和身体结构与脊椎动物极为相似,尽管系统基因组分析表明被囊动物是脊椎动物的姐妹类群。固着且有时群体生活的成年被囊动物可能是从类似文昌鱼的游动祖先演化而来的。来自世界各地的科学家齐聚西雅图的SICB会议,讨论脊索动物如何演化的当前观点。一些共同的机制和主题浮现出来,并收录在这本关于脊索动物起源、演化与发育的ICB卷册中。

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