Avaltroni Priscilla, Cappellini Germana, Sylos-Labini Francesca, Ivanenko Yury, Lacquaniti Francesco
Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Department of Systems Medicine and Center of Space Biomedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Front Physiol. 2024 Jul 23;15:1389436. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1389436. eCollection 2024.
The spatial segmental location of motoneurons in the human spinal cord is influenced by both evolutionary and functional principles tending to optimize motor control, reflex integration, and adaptation to the demands of movement. Bearing in mind the biomechanics of limb muscles, it is logical to examine how motoneuron activity clusters functionally during typical daily activities like walking. This article provides a summary of advancements in the study of spinal maps of motoneuron activation during human locomotion by reviewing data gathered over ∼20 years. The effects of child development, aging, and neurological disorders show the salient characteristics of spinal segmental activity during different human locomotor tasks and conditions. By exploiting the neuromechanics of the spinal motor circuits, that is, the link between motoneuron activity and gait mechanics, neuroprosthetics and other focused treatments may better help individuals with locomotor impairments.
人类脊髓中运动神经元的空间节段定位受到进化和功能原理的影响，这些原理倾向于优化运动控制、反射整合以及对运动需求的适应。考虑到肢体肌肉的生物力学，研究运动神经元活动在诸如行走等典型日常活动中如何在功能上聚类是合乎逻辑的。本文通过回顾约20年来收集的数据，总结了人类运动过程中运动神经元激活的脊髓图谱研究进展。儿童发育、衰老和神经疾病的影响显示了不同人类运动任务和条件下脊髓节段活动的显著特征。通过利用脊髓运动回路的神经力学，即运动神经元活动与步态力学之间的联系，神经假体和其他针对性治疗可能会更好地帮助有运动障碍的个体。
