Ko Randy F, Davidson Oliver Q C, Ahmed Michael A, Clark Ross M, Brandenburg Jacquelyn S, Pankratz Vernon S, Sharma Geetanjali, Hathaway Helen J, Prossnitz Eric R, Howdieshell Thomas R
Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
Department of Surgery, Augusta University/University of Georgia Medical Partnership, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 8;14(1):18400. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-68620-3.
Estrogens regulate numerous physiological and pathological processes, including wide-ranging effects in wound healing. The effects of estrogens are mediated through multiple estrogen receptors (ERs), including the classical nuclear ERs (ERα and ER ), that typically regulate gene expression, and the 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), that predominantly mediates rapid "non-genomic" signaling. Estrogen modulates the expression of various genes involved in epidermal function and regeneration, inflammation, matrix production, and protease inhibition, all critical to wound healing. Our previous work demonstrated improved myocutaneous wound healing in female mice compared to male mice. In the current study, we employed male and female GPER knockout mice to investigate the role of this estrogen receptor in wound revascularization and tissue viability. Using a murine myocutaneous flap model of graded ischemia, we measured real-time flap perfusion via laser speckle perfusion imaging. We conducted histologic and immunohistochemical analyses to assess skin and muscle viability, microvascular density and vessel morphology. Our results demonstrate that GPER is crucial in wound healing, mediating effects that are both dependent and independent of sex. Lack of GPER expression is associated with increased skin necrosis, reduced flap perfusion and altered vessel morphology. These findings contribute to understanding GPER signaling in wound healing and suggest possible therapeutic opportunities by targeting GPER.
雌激素调节众多生理和病理过程,包括在伤口愈合中具有广泛的作用。雌激素的作用是通过多种雌激素受体(ERs)介导的,包括经典的核雌激素受体(ERα和ERβ),它们通常调节基因表达,以及7跨膜G蛋白偶联雌激素受体(GPER),其主要介导快速的“非基因组”信号传导。雌激素调节参与表皮功能和再生、炎症、基质产生以及蛋白酶抑制的各种基因的表达,所有这些对伤口愈合都至关重要。我们之前的研究表明,与雄性小鼠相比,雌性小鼠的肌皮伤口愈合得到改善。在当前的研究中,我们使用雄性和雌性GPER基因敲除小鼠来研究这种雌激素受体在伤口血管再生和组织活力中的作用。使用分级缺血的小鼠肌皮瓣模型,我们通过激光散斑灌注成像测量实时皮瓣灌注。我们进行了组织学和免疫组织化学分析,以评估皮肤和肌肉活力、微血管密度和血管形态。我们的结果表明,GPER在伤口愈合中至关重要,介导的作用既有性别依赖性又有性别独立性。缺乏GPER表达与皮肤坏死增加、皮瓣灌注减少和血管形态改变有关。这些发现有助于理解伤口愈合中的GPER信号传导,并提示靶向GPER可能的治疗机会。