Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle 2305, Australia.
School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 3;16(15):2549. doi: 10.3390/nu16152549.
Placental health and foetal development are dependent upon element homeostasis. Analytical techniques such as mass spectroscopy can provide quantitative data on element concentrations in placental tissue but do not show spatial distribution or co-localisation of elements that may affect placental function. The present study used synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy to elucidate element content and distribution in healthy and pathological placental tissue. The X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) beamline at the Australian Synchrotron was used to image trace metal content of 19 placental sections from healthy term ( = 5, 37-39 weeks), foetal growth-restricted ( = 3, <32 weeks, birth weight <3rd centile), postdate ( = 7, >41 completed weeks), and stillbirth-complicated pregnancies ( = 4, 37-40 weeks). Samples were cryo-sectioned and freeze-dried. The concentration and distribution of fourteen elements were detected in all samples: arsenic, bromine, calcium, chlorine, copper, iron, molybdenum, phosphorous, potassium, rubidium, selenium, strontium, sulphur, and zinc. The elements zinc, calcium, phosphorous, and strontium were significantly increased in stillbirth placental tissue in comparison to healthy-term controls. Strontium, zinc, and calcium were found to co-localise in stillbirth tissue samples, and calcium and strontium concentrations were correlated in all placental groups. Molybdenum was significantly decreased in stillbirth, foetal growth-restricted, and postdate placental tissue in comparison to healthy-term samples ( < 0.0001). Synchrotron-based XFM reveals elemental distribution within biological samples such as the placenta, allowing for the co-localisation of metal deposits that may have a pathological role. Our pilot study further indicates low concentrations of placental molybdenum in pregnancies complicated by foetal growth restriction, postdate delivery, and stillbirth.
胎盘健康和胎儿发育依赖于元素的体内平衡。质谱分析等分析技术可以提供胎盘组织中元素浓度的定量数据，但不能显示可能影响胎盘功能的元素的空间分布或共定位。本研究使用基于同步加速器的 X 射线荧光显微镜来阐明健康和病理性胎盘组织中的元素含量和分布。澳大利亚同步加速器的 X 射线荧光显微镜（XFM）光束线用于对 19 个胎盘切片的痕量金属含量进行成像，这些胎盘切片来自健康足月（n = 5，37-39 周）、胎儿生长受限（n = 3，<32 周，出生体重低于第 3 百分位）、过期（n = 7，>41 周完成）和死胎合并妊娠（n = 4，37-40 周）。样品进行了冷冻切片和冷冻干燥。所有样品中均检测到十四种元素的浓度和分布：砷、溴、钙、氯、铜、铁、钼、磷、钾、铷、硒、锶、硫和锌。与健康足月对照组相比，死胎胎盘组织中的锌、钙、磷和锶显著增加。锶、锌和钙在死胎组织样本中发现共定位，并且所有胎盘组中的钙和锶浓度均相关。与健康足月样本相比，钼在死胎、胎儿生长受限和过期胎盘组织中显著降低（<0.0001）。基于同步加速器的 XFM 揭示了生物样本（如胎盘）内的元素分布，允许共定位可能具有病理作用的金属沉积物。我们的初步研究进一步表明，在胎儿生长受限、过期分娩和死胎合并妊娠中，胎盘钼的浓度较低。
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