A synergistic approach combining computational fluid dynamics simulation with hydrolysis-acidification for dye wastewater treatment.

Wastewater treatment is effectively conducted using anaerobic biological methods. Nevertheless, the efficiency of these methods can be hindered by challenges like short-circuits and dead zones, particularly in treating persistent contaminants. This work utilized computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to enhance water distribution, ensuring uniform interactions between solid and liquid phases, and thus mitigating issues related to short-circuits and dead zones. Such enhancements notably amplified the anaerobic biological process's efficiency. Furthermore, dye biodegradability was improved through the application of the hydrolysis acidification technique. Optimal hydraulic retention time for the hydrolysis-acidification reactor, established at 9 h, was determined via sludge cultivation and domestication for stable operation. During stable operation, an elevation in effluent volatile fatty acids was observed, alongside a COD removal rate fluctuating between 15% and 29%. Approximately 50% was noted as the rate of color removal. Simultaneously, a noticeable decrease in effluent pH occurred, with total nitrogen removal approximating 8%. An estimated BOD/COD ratio of 0.32 was recorded. The incorporation of microbial agents led to an enhanced COD removal, ranging from 28% to 33%, thereby stabilizing the effluent BOD/COD ratio at around 0.35. This research highlights the advantages of optimizing water distribution in anaerobic reactors, particularly when combined with hydrolysis-acidification techniques, effectively addressing issues of short-circuits and dead zones.