Peng Xuelian, Chen Dianyu, Zhen Jingbo, Wang Yakun, Hu Xiaotao
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Nov 10;950:175447. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175447. Epub 2024 Aug 10.
In the context of global warming and low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency in vineyards, identifying the driving factors of global warming potential (GWP) and proper irrigation and fertilization management strategies are crucial for high grape yields and emission reduction. In this experiment, drip fertigation technology was used, including three irrigation levels (W3 (100% M, where M is the irrigation quota), W2 (75% M) and W1 (50% M)) and four fertilization levels (F3 (648 kg hm), F2 (486 kg hm), F1 (324 kg hm) and F0 (0 kg hm)). Traditional furrow irrigation and fertilization (CG) and rainfed (CK) treatments were used as control treatments. The results indicated that under the drip fertigation system, fertilization significantly increased the grape leaf chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) and leaf area index (LAI) within a fertilizer application of 0-486 kg hm. Irrigation primarily had a direct positive effect on the water-filled pore space (WFPS) in the 0-60 cm soil layer, and the residual soil nutrient content was mainly affected by fertilization. The vital stage for reducing greenhouse gas emissions was the fruit-inflating and fruit-rendering stages. The CG treatment not only failed to ensure high grape yield but also adversely affected the soil environment and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the vineyard. Fertilization had a direct positive effect on the grape SPAD, LAI, yield, and soil residual nutrient content. GWP was primarily directly driven by SPAD, WFPS, and soil residual nutrient content, while grape yield was primarily directly driven by fertilization and SPAD. In conclusion, the W2F2 treatment (25 % reduced irrigation and 486 kg hm of fertilization) of drip fertigation in the vineyard was the preferred irrigation and fertilizer management strategy for maintaining good vine vigor and balancing grape yield and environmental benefits.
在全球气候变暖和葡萄园水肥利用效率低下的背景下，识别全球变暖潜势（GWP）的驱动因素以及合适的灌溉和施肥管理策略对于葡萄高产和减排至关重要。在本试验中，采用了滴灌施肥技术，包括三个灌溉水平（W3（100%M，M为灌溉定额）、W2（75%M）和W1（50%M））和四个施肥水平（F3（648 kg hm）、F2（486 kg hm）、F1（324 kg hm）和F0（0 kg hm））。传统沟灌施肥（CG）和雨养（CK）处理作为对照处理。结果表明，在滴灌施肥系统下，在0 - 486 kg hm的施肥量范围内，施肥显著提高了葡萄叶片叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）和叶面积指数（LAI）。灌溉主要对0 - 60 cm土层的充水孔隙度（WFPS）有直接的正向影响，土壤残留养分含量主要受施肥影响。减少温室气体排放的关键阶段是果实膨大期和转色期。CG处理不仅未能确保葡萄高产，还对土壤环境和葡萄园温室气体排放的减少产生了不利影响。施肥对葡萄的SPAD、LAI、产量和土壤残留养分含量有直接的正向影响。GWP主要直接受SPAD、WFPS和土壤残留养分含量驱动，而葡萄产量主要直接受施肥和SPAD驱动。总之，葡萄园滴灌施肥的W2F2处理（灌溉量减少25%，施肥量为486 kg hm）是维持葡萄良好生长势、平衡葡萄产量和环境效益的优选灌溉和施肥管理策略。
