青少年在上学途中的不健康零食行为及其与学校路线沿线交通方式和食品店的关联。

Adolescents' unhealthy snacking behaviour during the school journey and the association with transport modes and food outlets along the school route.

作者信息

Situmorang M L, Mandic S, Smith M, Keall M, Donnellan N, Coppell K J

机构信息

Department of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand; Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, New Zealand.

Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, New Zealand; AGILE Research Ltd., New Zealand; Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.

出版信息

Perspect Public Health. 2024 Aug 13:17579139241257091. doi: 10.1177/17579139241257091.

DOI:10.1177/17579139241257091

PMID:39136095

Abstract

AIMS

Active transport to and from school provides an opportunity for adolescents to engage in physical activity, but travelling through an obesogenic environment may have unintended consequences on their snacking behaviour. This study aimed to: (1) identify whether adolescents' unhealthy snacking behaviour was associated with school transport modes and food outlets on their estimated school route and (2) explore whether food outlet density on the school route differed between school transport modes.

METHODS

Adolescents ( = 406; aged 15.1 ± 1.4 years; 50.7% boys; 63.5% New Zealand European) from all 12 secondary schools in Dunedin city, Aotearoa New Zealand, completed an online survey. School transport modes (active, motorised or mixed) and unhealthy snacking data were collected. Food outlet data were collected using Google Places Application Programming Interface (API). Home-to-school route and distance were estimated using geographical information system (GIS) analysis based on a walkable road network. Data were analysed using the chi-square test and logistic regression.

RESULTS

Overall, 26.4% of adolescents reported purchasing and consuming unhealthy snacks or soft drinks on the way to school and 41.4% from school. The odds of unhealthy snacking during the school journey was higher among mixed transport users than active transport users on the way to (odds ratio (OR) = 2.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.39-5.36) and from school (OR = 2.68, 95% CI = 1.40-5.13). No differences were observed by food outlet type. There were no food outlets on the estimated school route for 44.8% of adolescents. The presence of more than one food outlet per kilometre of the estimated school route differed between active (38.7%), motorised (42.6%) and mixed transport users (46.4%; = 0.006).

CONCLUSION

School transport modes were significantly associated with adolescents' unhealthy snacking behaviour and food outlets on their school journey. Policy measures which minimise exposure to unhealthy food outlets may reduce unhealthy snacking among adolescents.

摘要

目的

往返学校的主动出行方式为青少年提供了进行体育活动的机会，但在致胖环境中出行可能会对他们的零食消费行为产生意想不到的影响。本研究旨在：（1）确定青少年不健康的零食消费行为是否与学校交通方式以及他们估计的上学路线上的食品店有关；（2）探讨学校交通方式不同时，上学路线上的食品店密度是否存在差异。

方法

来自新西兰奥特亚罗瓦达尼丁市所有12所中学的青少年（n = 406；年龄15.1±1.4岁；50.7%为男生；63.5%为新西兰欧洲裔）完成了一项在线调查。收集了学校交通方式（主动出行、机动出行或混合出行）和不健康零食消费数据。使用谷歌地图应用程序编程接口（API）收集食品店数据。基于可步行道路网络，使用地理信息系统（GIS）分析估算从家到学校的路线和距离。使用卡方检验和逻辑回归分析数据。

结果

总体而言，26.4%的青少年报告在上学途中购买并食用不健康零食或软饮料，41.4%的青少年在放学途中如此。在上学途中，混合交通出行的青少年不健康零食消费的几率高于主动交通出行的青少年（优势比（OR）= 2.73，95%置信区间（CI）= 1.39 - 5.36），放学途中也是如此（OR = 2.68，95% CI = 1.40 - 5.13）。未观察到食品店类型存在差异。44.8%的青少年估计的上学路线上没有食品店。每公里估计上学路线上有不止一家食品店的情况在主动交通出行者（38.7%）、机动交通出行者（42.6%）和混合交通出行者（46.4%）之间存在差异（P = 0.006）。