Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Faculty of Health, Department of Health, Safety, and Environment, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
PLoS One. 2024 Aug 13;19(8):e0306558. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306558. eCollection 2024.
The impact of self-efficacy and health literacy skills on pregnant women's adherence to urinary tract infection (UTI) preventive behaviors is inadequately investigated. Thus, the present study explored whether an educational intervention based on self-efficacy and health literacy skills managed to improve UTI preventive behaviors among pregnant women.
A quasi-experimental study was conducted from January to July 2021 among pregnant women residing in Mashhad, Iran. To this aim, 110 pregnant women at a gestational age of 12-18 weeks were randomly assigned to a control (n = 55) and an intervention group (n = 55) and completed all questionnaires during the intervention and the 3-month follow-up. The intervention group received the full training program, comprising six 2-hourly training sessions.
Most women were from low-income families (69.1%), were housewives (74.5%) with high school education or lower (63.6%). The theory-based intervention had a significant effect (P < 0·05) on UTI preventive behavior outcomes (i.e., clothing habits, nutrition, urination, health, and sexual behaviors) in the intervention group compared with the control group after intervention, and in their variation from baseline to follow-up in all scores.
An educational intervention based on health literacy skills and self-efficacy could be an effective theory-based intervention to improve UTI preventive behaviors and reduce recurrent UTI and complications.
自我效能感和健康素养技能对孕妇尿路感染（UTI）预防行为的影响尚未得到充分研究。因此，本研究旨在探讨基于自我效能感和健康素养技能的教育干预是否能改善孕妇的 UTI 预防行为。
本研究为 2021 年 1 月至 7 月在伊朗马什哈德进行的一项准实验研究。为此，将 110 名妊娠 12-18 周的孕妇随机分配到对照组（n=55）和干预组（n=55），并在干预和 3 个月随访期间完成所有问卷。干预组接受了完整的培训计划，包括 6 次 2 小时的培训课程。
大多数女性来自低收入家庭（69.1%），是家庭主妇（74.5%），受教育程度为高中或以下（63.6%）。与对照组相比，基于理论的干预在干预后和从基线到随访的所有评分中，对 UTI 预防行为结果（即衣着习惯、营养、排尿、健康和性行为）均有显著影响（P<0.05）。
基于健康素养技能和自我效能感的教育干预可能是一种有效的基于理论的干预措施，可改善 UTI 预防行为，降低 UTI 复发和并发症的风险。
