Stanford University, CA, USA.
J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2024 Jan-Dec;12:23247096241267154. doi: 10.1177/23247096241267154.
Here, we report an individual, eventually diagnosed with HMG-CoA synthase deficiency, who presented with a cyclic vomiting phenotype. HMG-CoA synthase deficiency is a rare disorder affecting ketone body synthesis in which affected individuals typically present at a young age with hypoketotic hypoglycemia, lethargy, encephalopathy, and hepatomegaly, usually triggered by catabolism (e.g., infection or prolonged fasting). This individual presented with recurrent episodes of vomiting and lethargy, often associated with hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, at 3 years of age. Metabolic labs revealed nonspecific abnormalities in her urine organic acids (showing mild elevation of dicarboxylic acids with relatively low excretion of ketones) and a normal acylcarnitine profile. Given her clinical presentation, as well as a normal upper gastrointestinal series, esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsies, and abdominal ultrasound, she was diagnosed with cyclic vomiting syndrome at 3 years of age. Molecular testing completed at 7 years of age revealed a previously reported pathogenic sequence variant (c.1016+1G>A) and a novel likely pathogenic deletion (1.57 kB deletion, including exon 1) within consistent with HMG-CoA synthase deficiency. This individual's presentation, mimicking cyclic vomiting syndrome, widens the clinical spectrum of HMG-CoA synthase deficiency. In addition, this case highlights the importance of molecular genetic testing in such presentations, as this rare disorder lacks specific metabolic markers.
在这里,我们报告了一个个体,最终被诊断为 HMG-CoA 合酶缺乏症,其表现为周期性呕吐表型。HMG-CoA 合酶缺乏症是一种罕见的影响酮体合成的疾病,受影响的个体通常在年轻时出现低酮性低血糖、嗜睡、脑病和肝肿大,通常由分解代谢(例如感染或长时间禁食)引发。该个体在 3 岁时出现反复发作的呕吐和嗜睡,常伴有低血糖或高血糖。代谢实验室显示尿液有机酸存在非特异性异常(表现为二羧酸轻度升高,酮体排泄相对较低),酰基肉碱谱正常。鉴于她的临床表现,以及正常的上消化道系列、食管胃十二指肠镜检查和活检以及腹部超声,她在 3 岁时被诊断为周期性呕吐综合征。7 岁时进行的分子检测显示了先前报道的致病性序列变异(c.1016+1G>A)和一个新的可能致病性缺失(1.57 kB 缺失,包括外显子 1),与 HMG-CoA 合酶缺乏症一致。该个体的表现类似于周期性呕吐综合征,拓宽了 HMG-CoA 合酶缺乏症的临床谱。此外,该病例强调了在这种情况下进行分子遗传检测的重要性,因为这种罕见疾病缺乏特定的代谢标志物。