J Glob Health. 2024 Aug 16;14:04163. doi: 10.7189/jogh.14.04163.
The relationship between sarcopenia and frailty among middle-aged and elder adults remains unclear. This study conducted a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis to investigate the association of sarcopenia and frailty in the middle-aged and elder Chinese population.
Our data were drawn from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Sarcopenia status was assessed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria and categorised into: no sarcopenia, possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia. A 38-item deficit-accumulation frailty index was constructed to assess frailty trajectories at each visit. Generalised linear regression models were performed to analyse the cross-sectional associations between sarcopenia and frailty index. The Group-based trajectory modelling was adopted to identify potential frailty trajectories, and we then examined the associations of sarcopenia and frailty trajectories using logistic regression analysis.
A total of 13 218 participants were enrolled in the cross-sectional analysis and 4200 individuals were included in the longitudinal study. The cross-sectional study found that possible sarcopenia (regression coefficient (β) = 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64-0.87, P < 0.001), sarcopenia (β = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.37-0.75, P < 0.001) and severe sarcopenia (β = 1.35; 95% CI = 0.97-1.73, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher frailty index. The longitudinal study indicated that participants with possible sarcopenia (odds ratio (OR) = 2.46; 95% CI = 1.77-3.42, P < 0.001), sarcopenia (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.27-2.74, P < 0.001) and severe sarcopenia (OR = 6.57; 95% CI = 3.14-13.77, P < 0.001) had a higher risk of accelerated progression of frailty compared to those with no sarcopenia.
Possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and severe sarcopenia were associated with higher levels of frailty and accelerated progression of frailty. Therefore, clinical medical professionals should pay more attention to frailty status in individuals who have possible sarcopenia and sarcopenia.
中年人及老年人的肌肉减少症与衰弱之间的关系仍不清楚。本研究通过横断面和纵向分析，调查了中年及老年中国人群中肌肉减少症与衰弱的相关性。
我们的数据来自中国健康与养老追踪调查。根据 2019 年亚洲肌肉减少症工作组的标准评估肌肉减少症状况，并分为：无肌肉减少症、可能的肌肉减少症、肌肉减少症和严重肌肉减少症。采用 38 项缺陷累积衰弱指数来评估每次就诊时的衰弱轨迹。采用广义线性回归模型分析肌肉减少症与衰弱指数的横断面相关性。采用基于群组的轨迹建模来识别潜在的衰弱轨迹，然后使用逻辑回归分析检查肌肉减少症与衰弱轨迹的相关性。
共纳入 13218 名参与者进行横断面分析，4200 名参与者纳入纵向研究。横断面研究发现，可能的肌肉减少症（回归系数（β）=0.76；95%置信区间（CI）=0.64-0.87，P<0.001）、肌肉减少症（β=0.56；95%CI=0.37-0.75，P<0.001）和严重肌肉减少症（β=1.35；95%CI=0.97-1.73，P<0.001）与较高的衰弱指数显著相关。纵向研究表明，可能的肌肉减少症（比值比（OR）=2.46；95%CI=1.77-3.42，P<0.001）、肌肉减少症（OR=1.87；95%CI=1.27-2.74，P<0.001）和严重肌肉减少症（OR=6.57；95%CI=3.14-13.77，P<0.001）患者发生衰弱加速进展的风险高于无肌肉减少症患者。
可能的肌肉减少症、肌肉减少症和严重肌肉减少症与较高的衰弱水平和衰弱加速进展相关。因此，临床医务人员应更加关注可能患有肌肉减少症和肌肉减少症的个体的衰弱状况。
