Dept. of Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
Dept. of Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
J Psychiatr Res. 2024 Oct;178:210-218. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.08.013. Epub 2024 Aug 14.
Social deficits in schizophrenia have been attributed to an impaired attunement to mutual interaction, or "interaffectivity". While impairments in emotion recognition and facial expressivity in schizophrenia have been consistently reported, findings on mimicry and social synchrony are inconsistent, and previous studies have often lacked ecological validity. To investigate interaffective behavior in dyadic interactions in a real-world-like setting, 20 individuals with schizophrenia and 20 without mental disorder played a cooperative board game with a previously unacquainted healthy control participant. Facial expression analysis was conducted using Affectiva Emotion AI in iMotions 9.3. The contingency and state space distribution of emotional facial expressions was assessed using Mangold INTERACT. Psychotic symptoms, subjective stress, affectivity and game experience were evaluated through questionnaires. Due to a considerable between-group age difference, age-adjusted ANCOVA was performed. Overall, despite an unchanged subjective experience of the social interaction, individuals with schizophrenia exhibited reduced responsiveness to positive affective stimuli. Subjective game experience did not differ between groups. Descriptively, facial expressions in schizophrenia were generally more negative, with increased sadness and decreased joy. Facial mimicry was impaired specifically regarding joyful expressions in schizophrenia, which correlated with blunted affect as measured by the SANS. Dyadic interactions involving persons with schizophrenia were less attracted toward mutual joyful affective states. Only unadjusted for age, in the absence of emotional stimuli from their interaction partner, individuals with schizophrenia showed more angry and sad expressions. These impairments in interaffective processes may contribute to social dysfunction in schizophrenia and provide new avenues for future research.
精神分裂症患者的社交缺陷归因于相互作用或“相互情感”的调节能力受损。虽然精神分裂症患者的情绪识别和面部表情表达能力受损的情况一直存在，但模仿和社会同步的研究结果并不一致，并且之前的研究往往缺乏生态有效性。为了在真实环境中研究二元交互中的相互情感行为，20 名精神分裂症患者和 20 名无精神障碍的个体与一名之前不相识的健康对照参与者一起玩合作棋盘游戏。使用 iMotions 9.3 中的 Affectiva 情感 AI 进行面部表情分析。使用 Mangold INTERACT 评估情绪面部表情的连续性和状态空间分布。通过问卷评估精神病症状、主观压力、情感和游戏体验。由于组间存在相当大的年龄差异，因此进行了年龄调整的 ANCOVA。总体而言，尽管社交互动的主观体验没有改变，但精神分裂症患者对积极情感刺激的反应性降低。两组的主观游戏体验没有差异。描述性地，精神分裂症患者的面部表情通常更消极，悲伤增加，喜悦减少。精神分裂症患者的面部模仿能力受损，特别是在愉悦的表情方面，这与 SANS 测量的迟钝情感相关。涉及精神分裂症患者的二元互动不太倾向于相互愉悦的情感状态。只有在没有来自互动伙伴的情感刺激的情况下，不考虑年龄因素，精神分裂症患者才会表现出更多的愤怒和悲伤表情。这些相互情感过程的损伤可能导致精神分裂症的社交功能障碍，并为未来的研究提供新的途径。
