Saadh Mohamed J, Muhammad Faris Anad, Singh Anamika, Mustafa Mohammed Ahmed, Al Zuhairi Rafil Adnan Hussein, Ghildiyal Pallavi, Hashim Ghassan, Alsaikhan Fahad, Khalilollah Shayan, Akhavan-Sigari Reza
Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan.
Department of Pharmacy, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq.
Inflammation. 2024 Aug 20. doi: 10.1007/s10753-024-02125-z.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most frequent age-associated neurodegenerative disorder. Presence of α-synuclein-containing aggregates in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons are among the characteristic of PD. One of the hallmarks of PD pathophysiology is chronic neuroinflammation. Activation of glial cells and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory factors are confirmed as frequent features of the PD brain. Chronic secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by activated astrocytes and microglia exacerbates DA neuron degeneration in the SNpc. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are among endogenous non-coding small RNA with the ability to perform post-transcriptional regulation in target genes. In that regard, the capability of miRNAs for modulating inflammatory signaling is the center of attention in many investigations. MiRNAs could enhance or limit inflammatory signaling, exacerbating or ameliorating the pathological consequences of extreme neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the importance of inflammation in the pathophysiology of PD. Besides, we discuss the role of miRNAs in promoting or protecting neural cell injury in the PD model by controlling the inflammatory pathway. Modifying the neuroinflammation by miRNAs could be considered a primary therapeutic strategy for PD.
帕金森病（PD）是最常见的与年龄相关的神经退行性疾病之一。黑质致密部（SNpc）中存在含α-突触核蛋白的聚集体以及多巴胺能（DA）神经元的丧失是PD的特征之一。PD病理生理学的标志之一是慢性神经炎症。胶质细胞的激活和促炎因子水平的升高被确认为PD大脑的常见特征。活化的星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞慢性分泌促炎细胞因子会加剧SNpc中DA神经元的变性。微小RNA（miRNA）是内源性非编码小RNA，能够对靶基因进行转录后调控。在这方面，miRNA调节炎症信号的能力是许多研究关注的焦点。miRNA可以增强或限制炎症信号，加剧或改善极端神经炎症的病理后果。本综述总结了炎症在PD病理生理学中的重要性。此外，我们讨论了miRNA通过控制炎症途径在PD模型中促进或保护神经细胞损伤的作用。通过miRNA调节神经炎症可被视为PD的主要治疗策略。
