Recent advances in response to environmental signals during Arabidopsis root development.

Plants grow by anchoring their roots in the soil, acquiring essential water and nutrients for growth, and interacting with other signaling factors in the soil. Root systems are crucial for both the basic growth and development of plants and their response to external environmental stimuli. Under different environmental conditions, the configuration of root systems in plants can undergo significant changes, with their strength determining the plant's ability to adapt to the environment. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which environmental factors regulate root development is essential for crop root architecture improvement and breeding for stress resistance. This paper summarizes the research progress in genetic regulation of root development of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. amidst diverse environmental stimuli over the past five years. Specifically, it focuses on the regulatory networks of environmental signals, encompassing light, energy, temperature, water, nutrients, and reactive oxygen species, on root development. Furthermore, it provides prospects for the application of root architecture improvement in crop breeding for stress resistance and nutrient efficiency.