Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
Medical Scientist Training Program, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States; Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.
Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2024 Dec;260:111651. doi: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2024.111651. Epub 2024 Aug 22.
The Leishmania life cycle alternates between promastigotes, found in the sandfly, and amastigotes, found in mammals. When an infected sandfly bites a host, promastigotes are engulfed by phagocytes (i.e., neutrophils, dendritic cells, and macrophages) to establish infection. When these phagocytes die or break down, amastigotes must be re-internalized to survive within the acidic phagolysosome and establish disease. To define host kinase regulators of Leishmania promastigote and amastigote uptake and survival within macrophages, we performed an image-based kinase regression screen using a panel of 38 kinase inhibitors with unique yet overlapping kinase targets. We also targeted inert beads to complement receptor 3 (CR3) or Fcγ receptors (FcR) as controls by coating them with complement/C3bi or IgG respectively. Through this approach, we identified several putative host kinases that regulate receptor-mediated phagocytosis and/or the uptake of L. amazonensis. Findings included kinases previously implicated in Leishmania uptake (such as Src family kinases (SFK), Abl family kinases (ABL1/c-Abl, ABL2/Arg), and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK)), but we also uncovered many novel kinases. Our methods also predicted host kinases necessary for promastigotes to convert to amastigotes or for amastigotes to survive within macrophages. Overall, our results suggest that the concerted action of multiple interconnected networks of host kinases are needed over the course of Leishmania infection, and that the kinases required for the parasite's life cycle may differ substantially depending on which receptors are bound and the life cycle stage that is internalized. In addition, using our screen, we identified kinases that appear to preferentially regulate the uptake of parasites over beads, indicating that the methods required for Leishmania to be internalized by macrophages may differ from generalized phagocytic mechanisms. Our findings are intended to be used as a hypothesis generation resource for the broader scientific community studying the roles of kinases in host-pathogen interactions.
利什曼原虫的生命周期在无鞭毛体(存在于沙蝇中)和前鞭毛体(存在于哺乳动物中)之间交替。当受感染的沙蝇叮咬宿主时,无鞭毛体被吞噬细胞(即中性粒细胞、树突状细胞和巨噬细胞)吞噬,从而建立感染。当这些吞噬细胞死亡或分解时,前鞭毛体必须重新内化才能在酸性吞噬溶酶体中存活并引发疾病。为了确定宿主激酶调节剂在利什曼原虫无鞭毛体和前鞭毛体被巨噬细胞摄取和存活中的作用,我们使用一组 38 种具有独特但重叠激酶靶标的激酶抑制剂进行了基于图像的激酶回归筛选。我们还通过分别用补体/C3bi 或 IgG 对惰性珠子进行包被,将它们靶向补体受体 3 (CR3) 或 Fcγ 受体 (FcR) 作为对照。通过这种方法,我们鉴定了几个可能调节受体介导的吞噬作用和/或利什曼原虫摄取的宿主激酶。研究结果包括先前涉及利什曼原虫摄取的激酶(如 Src 家族激酶 (SFK)、Abl 家族激酶 (ABL1/c-Abl、ABL2/Arg) 和脾酪氨酸激酶 (SYK)),但我们也发现了许多新的激酶。我们的方法还预测了宿主激酶对于无鞭毛体转化为前鞭毛体或前鞭毛体在巨噬细胞内存活是必要的。总体而言,我们的结果表明,在利什曼原虫感染过程中,需要多个宿主激酶相互连接的网络协同作用,并且寄生虫生命周期所需的激酶可能因结合的受体和内化的生命周期阶段而有很大差异。此外,我们使用筛选方法鉴定了似乎优先调节寄生虫摄取而不是珠子摄取的激酶,这表明利什曼原虫被巨噬细胞内化所需的方法可能与一般吞噬机制不同。我们的发现旨在作为一个假说生成资源,供更广泛的研究激酶在宿主-病原体相互作用中的作用的科学界使用。
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