Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany.
Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Germany.
Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2024 Sep;45(9):768-780. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.07.007. Epub 2024 Aug 23.
Autoantibody binding has a central role in autoimmune diseases and has also been linked to cancer, infections, and behavioral disorders. Autoimmune neurological diseases remain misclassified also due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying disease-specific epitopes. Such epitopes are crucial for both pathology and diagnosis, but have historically been overlooked. Recent technological advancements have enabled the exploration of these epitopes, potentially opening novel clinical avenues. The precise identification of novel B and T cell epitopes and their autoreactivity has led to the discovery of autoantigen-specific biomarkers for patients at high risk of autoimmune neurological diseases. In this review, we propose utilizing newly available synthetic and cellular-surface display technologies and guide epitope-focused studies to unlock the potential of disease-specific epitopes for improving diagnosis and treatments. Additionally, we offer recommendations to guide emerging epitope-focused studies to broaden the current landscape.
自身抗体结合在自身免疫性疾病中起着核心作用，也与癌症、感染和行为障碍有关。由于对潜在的疾病特异性表位缺乏完整的了解，自身免疫性神经疾病仍然分类不当。这些表位对于病理学和诊断都至关重要，但在历史上一直被忽视。最近的技术进步使这些表位的探索成为可能，有可能开辟新的临床途径。对新的 B 细胞和 T 细胞表位及其自身反应性的精确鉴定导致发现了自身抗原特异性生物标志物，用于自身免疫性神经疾病高危患者。在这篇综述中，我们建议利用新出现的合成和细胞表面展示技术，并指导针对表位的研究，以挖掘疾病特异性表位在改善诊断和治疗方面的潜力。此外，我们还提供了一些建议，以指导新兴的针对表位的研究，拓宽当前的研究领域。
