Kvasnevska Yulia, Faustova Mariia, Voronova Kseniia, Basarab Yaroslav, Lopatina Yaroslava
AIDS Healthcare Foundation, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Poltava State Medical University, Poltava, Ukraine.
Front Health Serv. 2024 Aug 13;4:1444575. doi: 10.3389/frhs.2024.1444575. eCollection 2024.
Approximately 240,000 people in Ukraine are living with HIV. Recent changes in medical legislation have significantly strengthened the role of family doctors and primary care pediatricians in the prevention, early detection and follow-up of patients with HIV. Thus, the purpose of the study was to examine the experience of primary care physicians in testing and providing care to patients with HIV.
Qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews with typical representatives of the target audience from different regions of Ukraine were conducted. Inductive thematic content analysis was used to analyze the data upon standardized research protocols using the Theoretical Domain System.
The results identify knowledge, skills, motivation, barriers, and opportunities in the context of HIV testing among family doctors in Ukraine. Primary health care providers consider HIV testing of patients to be an important part of their professional activities. In most cases, HIV testing is initiated upon detection of clinical indicators or when a person is identified as a key population. Preventive testing at the request of the patient is less common. Although most family doctors believe that they are sufficiently informed to conduct testing, there is a certain knowledge gap regarding communication with the patient and further treatment in case of a positive HIV result. The main obstacle to regular HIV testing is the reluctance and resistance of patients, as well as in some cases insufficient or non-existent tests in primary health care facilities. In order to improve the situation with HIV testing among the population, family doctors believe that it is necessary to organize regular trainings and courses to improve the skills of doctors on HIV, provide primary health care facilities with sufficient tests and establish high-quality information support.
The obtained results clearly outline the main problems that concern family doctors in Ukraine regarding work with key vulnerable groups and persons living with HIV.
乌克兰约有24万人感染了艾滋病毒。近期医疗立法的变化显著加强了家庭医生和初级保健儿科医生在艾滋病毒患者预防、早期检测和随访方面的作用。因此，本研究的目的是考察初级保健医生在检测艾滋病毒患者及为其提供护理方面的经验。
对来自乌克兰不同地区的目标受众典型代表进行了定性半结构化深度访谈。采用归纳主题内容分析法，依据标准化研究方案，使用理论领域系统对数据进行分析。
研究结果明确了乌克兰家庭医生在艾滋病毒检测方面的知识、技能、动机、障碍和机遇。初级卫生保健提供者认为对患者进行艾滋病毒检测是其专业活动的重要组成部分。在大多数情况下，艾滋病毒检测是在发现临床指标或确定某人属于重点人群时启动的。应患者要求进行的预防性检测较少见。尽管大多数家庭医生认为他们已获得足够信息来进行检测，但在与患者沟通以及艾滋病毒检测结果呈阳性时的后续治疗方面仍存在一定知识差距。定期进行艾滋病毒检测的主要障碍是患者的不情愿和抵触情绪，以及在某些情况下初级卫生保健机构检测不足或根本没有检测。为改善人群中的艾滋病毒检测情况，家庭医生认为有必要组织定期培训和课程，以提高医生在艾滋病毒方面的技能，为初级卫生保健机构提供足够的检测，并建立高质量的信息支持。
所得结果清楚地概述了乌克兰家庭医生在与主要弱势群体和艾滋病毒感染者合作方面所关注的主要问题。
