A Holistic Approach to Producing Anti- Metabolites by an Endosymbiotic Dinoflagellate Using Wastewater from Shrimp Rearing.

The aquaculture industry requires green solutions to solve several environmental challenges, including adequate wastewater remediation and natural drug applications to treat bacteria- and virus-related diseases. This study investigated the feasibility of cultivating the dinoflagellate in aquaculture wastewater from shrimp rearing in a synbiotic system (AWW-SS), with different dilutions of f/2 medium (FM). Interestingly, demonstrated enhanced growth in all AWW-SS treatments compared to the control (FM). The highest growth rates were achieved at AWW-SS:FM dilutions of 75:25 and 50:50. The removal of total nitrogen and total phosphorus reached 50.1 and 71.7%, respectively, of the crude AWW-SS. Biomass extracts of grown with AWW-SS were able to inhibit the growth of the bacteria (inhibition zone of 10.0 ± 1.7 mm) and (inhibition zone of 11.7 ± 1.5 mm). The presented results demonstrate that the dinoflagellate is a potential candidate for the development of circularity for sustainable aquaculture production, particularly by producing anti- compounds at a near-zero cost.