Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South District, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.
Taichung Branch of Animal and Plant Health Inspection Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, 250 Guoguang Rd., South District, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan.
J Econ Entomol. 2024 Oct 14;117(5):1823-1836. doi: 10.1093/jee/toae190.
Fruit flies attack numerous crops, including cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme). The potential presence of the immature stages of fruit fly species inside tomatoes during export hinders their international market access. Therefore, phytosanitary treatment must be performed before export to prevent fruit fly species from entering countries where they are not naturally found. We developed a phytosanitary cold disinfestation treatment protocol to eliminate oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel), melon fly (Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett), and pumpkin fruit fly (Zeugodacus tau Walker) concealed inside cherry tomatoes without causing critical damage to the fruit. We determined that the third instar of Z. cucurbitae exhibited the highest cold tolerance among the various development stages of the three fruit fly species. Thus, we performed a small-scale disinfestation test on Z. cucurbitae in two cultivars of tomato. We achieved complete disinfestation after 15 days of cold treatment at 1°C-1.5°C. The confirmatory test revealed the elimination of more than 80,000 treated third instar of Z. cucurbitae in each tomato variety. The developed phytosanitary cold treatment allows the tomatoes to retain their commercial value. This study provides a standard phytosanitary cold treatment protocol for cherry tomatoes, ensuring the disinfestation of fruit flies before their export to international markets.
实蝇类昆虫会攻击许多作物,包括樱桃番茄(Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme)。在出口过程中,樱桃番茄内部可能存在未成熟的实蝇幼虫,这会阻碍其进入国际市场。因此,在出口前必须进行植物检疫冷消毒处理,以防止这些实蝇物种进入其自然分布范围以外的国家。我们开发了一种植物检疫冷消毒处理方案,以消除樱桃番茄内部隐藏的东方果实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel)、瓜实蝇(Zeugodacus cucurbitae Coquillett)和南瓜实蝇(Zeugodacus tau Walker),同时又不会对果实造成严重损害。我们发现,三种实蝇中,第三龄幼虫对低温的耐受性最高。因此,我们在两种番茄品种中对 Z. cucurbitae 进行了小规模消毒试验。在 1°C-1.5°C 的低温下处理 15 天后,实现了完全消毒。确认试验表明,每种番茄品种中都消除了超过 80,000 只处理过的 Z. cucurbitae 第三龄幼虫。开发的植物检疫冷处理可使番茄保持商业价值。本研究为樱桃番茄提供了标准的植物检疫冷处理方案,确保了在将其出口到国际市场之前对实蝇进行消毒。