Sayers Sarah, Le Nikki, Wagner Edward J
College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.
Front Nutr. 2024 Aug 21;11:1437526. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1437526. eCollection 2024.
Obesity is a health malady that affects mental, physical, and social health. Pathology includes chronic imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, likely facilitated by dysregulation of the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway. We explored the role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) neurons in the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) and the PACAP-selective (PAC1) receptor in regulating hedonic feeding. We hypothesized that VMN PACAP neurons would inhibit reward-encoding mesolimbic (A10) dopamine neurons via PAC1 receptor activation and thereby suppress impulsive consumption brought on by intermittent exposure to highly palatable food. Visualized whole- patch clamp recordings coupled with behavioral experiments were utilized in wildtype, PACAP-, TH-, and TH-/PAC1 receptor-floxed mice. We found that bath application of PACAP directly inhibited preidentified A dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) from TH- mice. This inhibitory action was abrogated by the selective knockdown of the PAC1 receptor in A dopamine neurons. PACAP delivered directly into the VTA decreases binge feeding accompanied by reduced meal size and duration in TH- mice. These effects are negated by PAC1 receptor knockdown in A dopamine neurons. Additionally, apoptotic ablation of VMN PACAP neurons increased binge consumption in both lean and obese, male and female PACAP- mice relative to wildtype controls. These findings demonstrate that VMN PACAP neurons blunt impulsive, binge feeding behavior by activating PAC1 receptors to inhibit A dopamine neurons. As such, they impart impactful insight into potential treatment strategies for conditions such as obesity and food addiction.
肥胖是一种影响心理、身体和社会健康的健康问题。其病理包括能量摄入与消耗之间的长期失衡,这可能是由中脑边缘多巴胺(DA)通路的调节异常促成的。我们探讨了下丘脑腹内侧核(VMN)中垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽(PACAP)神经元以及PACAP选择性(PAC1)受体在调节享乐性进食中的作用。我们假设VMN PACAP神经元会通过激活PAC1受体抑制编码奖赏的中脑边缘(A10)多巴胺神经元,从而抑制因间歇性接触高度可口食物而引发的冲动性消费。在野生型、PACAP -、TH - 和TH - /PAC1受体条件性敲除小鼠中,利用可视化全细胞膜片钳记录结合行为实验。我们发现,对TH - 小鼠脑片施加PACAP可直接抑制腹侧被盖区(VTA)中预先确定的A多巴胺神经元。多巴胺神经元中PAC1受体的选择性敲低消除了这种抑制作用。直接向VTA注射PACAP可减少TH - 小鼠的暴饮暴食,同时减少进食量和进食持续时间。多巴胺神经元中PAC1受体的敲低会消除这些作用。此外,相对于野生型对照,VMN PACAP神经元的凋亡性消融增加了瘦型和肥胖型、雄性和雌性PACAP - 小鼠的暴饮暴食。这些发现表明,VMN PACAP神经元通过激活PAC1受体抑制A多巴胺神经元来抑制冲动性暴饮暴食行为。因此,它们为肥胖和食物成瘾等病症的潜在治疗策略提供了有价值的见解。