Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Department of Pathology and Cytopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
BMC Health Serv Res. 2024 Sep 6;24(1):1033. doi: 10.1186/s12913-024-11467-1.
The Jordanian healthcare system has evolved over the past decades expanding its services, technological, and educational resources. A comprehensive view of this system is lacking. The objective of this report is to describe the structure of the Jordanian healthcare system, the challenges facing it, and the current and recommended health policies.
This study reviewed the current status of the Jordanian healthcare system. The following parameters were analyzed: health indicators, infrastructure, human resources, insurance system, pharmaceutical expense, health education system, and medical tourism. Data were collected from various relevant official institutions and related published literature.
Jordan has a young population with a median age of 23.8 years. Life expectancy is 78.8 years for females and 77.0 years for males. The Jordanian healthcare system is divided into three major categories: (1) Governmental Insurance (i.e., the Ministry of Health (MOH), the Royal Medical Services (RMS) and semi-governmental insurance); (2) Private Insurance; and (3) Refugee Insurance, including the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (NHUR). The Governmental Insurance covers 64.30% of the total population. Health expenditure is 6.37% of the gross domestic product (GDP). Pharmaceutical expenses make up 26.6% of the total national healthcare budget. Human resource assessment shows a high ratio of medical staff per 10.000 inhabitants, especially concerning physicians (31.7), dentists (7.9), and pharmacists (15.1). However, the ratio of nursing staff per 10.000 inhabitants is considered low (37.5). The Hospital bed/1000 population ratio is also relatively low (1.4). Healthcare accreditation is implemented through the Joint Commission International (JCI) accreditation which was achieved by 7 hospitals and by the National Health Care Accreditation Certificate (HCAC) achieved by 17 hospitals and 42 primary healthcare centers. Postgraduate medical education covers almost all medical and surgical fields. Medical tourism is currently well-established.
Assessment of the Jordanian healthcare system shows high ratios of physicians, dentists, and pharmacists but a low ratio of nursing staff per 10.000 inhabitants. The hospital bed/1000 population ratio is also relatively low. Pharmaceutical expenses are significantly high and medical tourism is well-developed.
过去几十年，约旦的医疗保健系统不断发展，扩大了其服务、技术和教育资源。缺乏对该系统的全面了解。本报告的目的是描述约旦医疗保健系统的结构、面临的挑战以及当前和建议的卫生政策。
本研究回顾了约旦医疗保健系统的现状。分析了以下参数：健康指标、基础设施、人力资源、保险制度、药品支出、健康教育系统和医疗旅游。数据来自各种相关官方机构和相关出版文献。
约旦人口年轻，中位年龄为 23.8 岁。女性预期寿命为 78.8 年，男性为 77.0 年。约旦医疗保健系统分为三大类：（1）政府保险（即卫生部、皇家医疗服务和半政府保险）；（2）私人保险；和（3）难民保险，包括联合国近东巴勒斯坦难民救济和工程处（近东救济工程处）和联合国难民事务高级专员（难民署）。政府保险覆盖总人口的 64.30%。卫生支出占国内生产总值（GDP）的 6.37%。药品支出占国家医疗保健总预算的 26.6%。人力资源评估显示，每 10000 名居民的医务人员比例很高，特别是医生（31.7）、牙医（7.9）和药剂师（15.1）。然而，每 10000 名居民的护理人员比例被认为较低（37.5）。每千人口病床比例也相对较低（1.4）。医疗保健认证通过国际联合委员会（JCI）认证实施，有 7 家医院通过认证，通过国家医疗保健认证证书（HCAC）实施，有 17 家医院和 42 家初级保健中心通过认证。研究生医学教育涵盖几乎所有的医学和外科学领域。医疗旅游目前已得到很好的发展。
对约旦医疗保健系统的评估显示，医生、牙医和药剂师的比例较高，但每 10000 名居民的护理人员比例较低。每千人口病床比例也相对较低。药品支出高，医疗旅游发达。
